Treatment Strategies of Adult Primary Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis: A Systematic Review Focusing on the Last Two Decades

Table 3

First author	Year	Design	Study	Country	TAC	CSA	MMF/MPA	RTX	CA	ET	SIR	ACTH	GAL	ADA	No	CR	PR	NR	PR (BL)	PR (FU)	RL (%)	FU (m)
Ittel [18]	1995	Retro	Cohort	Germany	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	7	1	3	3	13.7 ± 3.8	4.7 ± 0.4		6
Risler [19]	1996	Pro	RCT	Germany	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	23				5.4 ± 5.2	2.5 ± 1.8		36
Risler [19]	1996	Pro	RCT	Germany	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	24				3.4 ± 4.9	2.3 ± 1.1		36
Yokoyama [27]	1998	Retro	Cohort	Japan	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	14				7.2 ± 3.6	2.6 ± 2.0
Mitwalli [28]	1998	Retro	Cohort	Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	11	6	2	3	5.3 ± 1.2	1.4 ± 0.6		27.5
Haas [29]	1998	Retro	Cohort	Austria	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	5	1	0	4	13.6 ± 8.9	11.9 ± 10.6
Feld [30]	1998	Retro	Cohort	USA	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	8	0	2	6			0	24
Cattran [17]	1999	Pro	RCT	North America	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	26	3	15	8	6.9 ± 3.3		61	24
Ponticelli [6]	1999	Retro	Cohort	Italy	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	9	0	7	2
Muso [26]	2001	Retro	Cohort	Japan	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	17	8	4	5	6.2 ± 3.3	2.7 ± 2.7
Segarra [21]	2002	Retro	Cohort	Spain	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	25	10	8	7	10.3 ± 9.5	2.6 ± 3.2	76	12
Heering [20]	2004	Pro	Observational	Germany	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	34	8	13	13	5.5 ± 2.6
Heering [20]	2004	Pro	Observational	Germany	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	23	4	11	8	4.2 ± 0.6
Cattran [24]	2004	Pro	Observational	USA	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	18	0	6	12	9.1 ± 5.2	6.8 ± 6.1
Tumlin [31]	2006	Pro	Clinical trial	USA	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	21	4	8	9	8 ± 1.2	3.9 ± 0.7		6
Fernandez-Fresnedo [32]	2009	Retro	Cohort	Spain	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	8	0	3	5	14 ± 4.4	11.3 ± 4.2		12
Li [34]	2009	Pro	Observational	China	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	7	3	1	3	7	1.4	25	12
Medrano [25]	2011	Retro	Cohort	Spain	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	27	0	4	23	7.7 ± 3.9	6.0 ± 4.1		12
Hogan [23]	2013	Pro	Observational	USA	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	16	2	2	12	6.3 ± 6	4.1 ± 4.8	14
Fan [35]	2013	Pro	Observational	China	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	7	3	3	1			17	12
Ramachandran [22]	2014	Pro	Observational	India	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	44	17	6	21	4.5 ± 3.6	0.5 ± 0.5	52	14
Trachtman [33]	2015	Pro	RCT	USA	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	7	0	3	4	5.4 ± 5	6.7 ± 3.5		6
Trachtman [33]	2015	Pro	RCT	USA	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	6	0	0	6	12.2 ± 17	7.6 ± 10.5		6

ACTH: adrenocorticotropic hormone, ADA: adalimumab, CA: chlorambucil, CR: complete remission, CSA: cyclosporine A, ET: extracorporeal treatment, FU: follow-up, GAL: galactose, MMF: mycophenolate mofetil, MPA: mycophenolic acid, No: number, NR: no remission, PR: partial remission, PR (BL): proteinuria baseline, PR (FU): proteinuria follow-up, Pro: prospective, Retro: retrospective, RL: relapse, RTX: rituximab, SIR: sirolimus, and TAC: tacrolimus.