Review Article
Treatment Strategies of Adult Primary Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis: A Systematic Review Focusing on the Last Two Decades
| First author | Year | Design | Study | Country | TAC | CSA | MMF/MPA | RTX | CA | ET | SIR | ACTH | GAL | ADA | No | CR | PR | NR | PR (BL) | PR (FU) | RL (%) | FU (m) |
| Ittel [18] | 1995 | Retro | Cohort | Germany | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 13.7 ± 3.8 | 4.7 ± 0.4 | | 6 | Risler [19] | 1996 | Pro | RCT | Germany | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 23 | | | | 5.4 ± 5.2 | 2.5 ± 1.8 | | 36 | Risler [19] | 1996 | Pro | RCT | Germany | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 24 | | | | 3.4 ± 4.9 | 2.3 ± 1.1 | | 36 | Yokoyama [27] | 1998 | Retro | Cohort | Japan | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14 | | | | 7.2 ± 3.6 | 2.6 ± 2.0 | | | Mitwalli [28] | 1998 | Retro | Cohort | Saudi Arabia | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 5.3 ± 1.2 | 1.4 ± 0.6 | | 27.5 | Haas [29] | 1998 | Retro | Cohort | Austria | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 13.6 ± 8.9 | 11.9 ± 10.6 | | | Feld [30] | 1998 | Retro | Cohort | USA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 2 | 6 | | | 0 | 24 | Cattran [17] | 1999 | Pro | RCT | North America | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 26 | 3 | 15 | 8 | 6.9 ± 3.3 | | 61 | 24 | Ponticelli [6] | 1999 | Retro | Cohort | Italy | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 7 | 2 | | | | | Muso [26] | 2001 | Retro | Cohort | Japan | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 17 | 8 | 4 | 5 | 6.2 ± 3.3 | 2.7 ± 2.7 | | | Segarra [21] | 2002 | Retro | Cohort | Spain | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 10 | 8 | 7 | 10.3 ± 9.5 | 2.6 ± 3.2 | 76 | 12 | Heering [20] | 2004 | Pro | Observational | Germany | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 34 | 8 | 13 | 13 | 5.5 ± 2.6 | | | | Heering [20] | 2004 | Pro | Observational | Germany | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 23 | 4 | 11 | 8 | 4.2 ± 0.6 | | | | Cattran [24] | 2004 | Pro | Observational | USA | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 6 | 12 | 9.1 ± 5.2 | 6.8 ± 6.1 | | | Tumlin [31] | 2006 | Pro | Clinical trial | USA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 21 | 4 | 8 | 9 | 8 ± 1.2 | 3.9 ± 0.7 | | 6 | Fernandez-Fresnedo [32] | 2009 | Retro | Cohort | Spain | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 3 | 5 | 14 ± 4.4 | 11.3 ± 4.2 | | 12 |
Li [34] | 2009 | Pro | Observational | China | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 7 | 1.4 | 25 | 12 | Medrano [25] | 2011 | Retro | Cohort | Spain | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 27 | 0 | 4 | 23 | 7.7 ± 3.9 | 6.0 ± 4.1 | | 12 | Hogan [23] | 2013 | Pro | Observational | USA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 16 | 2 | 2 | 12 | 6.3 ± 6 | 4.1 ± 4.8 | 14 | |
Fan [35] | 2013 | Pro | Observational | China | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 3 | 3 | 1 | | | 17 | 12 | Ramachandran [22] | 2014 | Pro | Observational | India | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 44 | 17 | 6 | 21 | 4.5 ± 3.6 | 0.5 ± 0.5 | 52 | 14 | Trachtman [33] | 2015 | Pro | RCT | USA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 3 | 4 | 5.4 ± 5 | 6.7 ± 3.5 | | 6 | Trachtman [33] | 2015 | Pro | RCT | USA | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 12.2 ± 17 | 7.6 ± 10.5 | | 6 |
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ACTH: adrenocorticotropic hormone, ADA: adalimumab, CA: chlorambucil, CR: complete remission, CSA: cyclosporine A, ET: extracorporeal treatment, FU: follow-up, GAL: galactose, MMF: mycophenolate mofetil, MPA: mycophenolic acid, No: number, NR: no remission, PR: partial remission, PR (BL): proteinuria baseline, PR (FU): proteinuria follow-up, Pro: prospective, Retro: retrospective, RL: relapse, RTX: rituximab, SIR: sirolimus, and TAC: tacrolimus.
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