The Influence of Tumor Size on Oncologic Outcomes for Patients with Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma after Radical Nephroureterectomy

Table 2

Univariate and multivariate analyses of predictive factors for worse cancer-specific survival.

	Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis
	HR	95% CI		HR	95% CI
Age (>70 versus ≤70)	1.417	1.088–1.846	0.010	1.455	1.107–1.912	0.007
Gender (male versus female)	1.681	1.291–2.188	<0.001	1.600	1.222–2.096	0.001
Tobacco consumption (yes versus no)	0.982	0.697–1.382	0.915
Surgical approach (open versus laparoscopic)	1.035	0.764–1.404	0.823
Preoperative ureteroscopy (yes versus no)	0.517	0.323–0.828	0.006	0.630	0.391–1.014	0.057
Hydronephrosis (presence versus absence)	1.415	1.081–1.854	0.012	1.675	1.262–2.224	<0.001
T stage (pT3-4 versus pTis-a-1-2)	2.569	1.973–3.345	<0.001	2.266	1.643–3.126	<0.001
Tumor grade (G3 versus G1-2)	1.560	1.201–2.028	0.001	0.824	0.583–1.166	0.275
Lymph node status (Nx versus cN0 or pN0)	2.627	1.785–3.867	<0.001	1.815	1.191–2.767	0.006
Tumor size (>3 cm versus ≤3 cm)	1.507	1.159–1.959	0.002	1.124	0.849–1.489	0.414
Main tumor location (ureter versus pelvis)	1.139	0.876–1.482	0.331
Concomitant CIS (presence versus absence)	1.673	0.912–3.069	0.096
Tumor architecture (sessile versus papillary)	1.942	1.458–2.587	<0.001	1.197	0.823–1.742	0.347
Focality (multiple versus single)	1.149	0.858–1.538	0.352
Tumor necrosis (presence versus absence)	1.913	1.336–2.739	<0.001	1.357	0.913–2.016	0.131
Squamous and/or glandular differentiation; (presence versus absence)	1.957	1.346–2.846	<0.001	1.403	0.927–1.823	2.124

eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; CIS: carcinoma in situ.
Statistically significant.