Avian Mycobacteriosis: Still Existing Threat to Humans

Table 2

Antibiotic treatment decision, clinical + laboratory findings.

(a) Pulmonary localization

Signs		Laboratory findings		Signs
Bronchiectasis	++	Repeated massive isolation	+++	Cavitary, HIV
Nonspecific, CF, and COPD^†	+/−	Repeated isolation	+++	Systemic
	−	Single isolation	+
Low benefit of antibiotic treatment versus adverse effects; Consider long-term observation; Supportive therapy			Antibiotic treatment necessary
Colonization: COPD, CF, coniosis-mild course, mycobacterial overgrowth-exacerbation; infection: chronic course, CT (RTG) progressive changes, and systemic signs.

(b) Extrapulmonary localization

Signs		Laboratory findings		Signs
Skin, soft tissue	+++	Repeated massive isolation	+++	HIV, systemic organs
Lymphadenitis	++	Repeated isolation	++	Osteoarticular, tenosynovial
	+/−	Single isolation	+
AT therapy necessary; Lymphadenitis in children, skin: extirpation of affected lymph nodes is of high importance, excision of affected tissue; osteoarticular, tenosynovial, chirurgical debridement; HIV, Haemocultivation.

Strong recommendation for treatment.
Recommendation for treatment.
Weak recommendation for treatment (repeated sample collection necessary), managing intermittent treatment.
No treatment.
Based on isolated MAC species. From invasively taken sample (biopsy, bronchoscopy).
^†Consider contamination, repeated exposition to environmental source, and household screening.