Examination of Calcium Silicate Cements with Low-Viscosity Methyl Cellulose or Hydroxypropyl Cellulose Additive

Table 3

Results of this study. Different letters indicate statistically significant differences in each test (Tukey’s test, ). For example, there are significant differences between a, b, and c. And, there are no significant differences between MC and HPC in flow test.

		MTA	ZO	MC	HPC	Reference value of ISO standard 6876-2012
Flow (mm)	Mean ± SD					16.00 mm
	Median (MIN~MAX)	9.9 (8.1~10.2)	12.0 (11.4~13.9)	22.7 (20.6~24.7)	22.9 (20.8~24.1)
Working time (min)	Mean ± SD	—	—			—
	Median (MIN~MAX)	—	—	13 (12~13)	14 (12~15)
Setting time (min)	Mean ± SD					30 min~72 hours
	Median (MIN~MAX)	30 (25~35)	30 (25~35)	120 (110~125)	95 (95~105)
Ca ion released (ppm)	Mean ± SD					—
	Median (MIN~MAX)	746 (668~789)	1342 (1214~1411)	958 (799~1030)	1042 (1016~1189)