Safety Irradiation Parameters of Nd:YAP Laser Beam for Endodontic Treatments: An In Vitro Study

Figure 1

The temperature increases at root surfaces are shown in function of different average energy densities delivered per second after a total irradiation time of 10 seconds by means of fiber diameter of 320 μm. When the average of delivered energy densities per second was ≤4981 J/cm² (4 W), the temperature rises were below the safety level of 10°C for periodontal tissue injury.