Deregulated MicroRNAs in Biliary Tract Cancer: Functional Targets and Potential Biomarkers

Table 1

MicroRNAs are deregulated in biliary tract cancer specimens.

	miRNA	Tissue	Clinicopathological characteristics associated with deregulated miRNA expression	Target	Ref.
Downregulated	26a	GBC	Advanced histologic grade	HMGA2	[62]
	34a	EHC, GBC	Poor disease-free and overall survival; increased telomere length; advanced clinical stage; lymph node metastasis	PNUTS, SMAD4	[39, 40]
	101	GBC	Enhanced tumor size; enhanced tumor invasion; higher TNM stage; poor survival		[78]
	122		Increased expression of PKM2	PKM2	[77]
	124	IHC		SMYD3	[68]
	135a-5p	GBC	Advanced histologic grade	VLDLR	[72]
	138		Increased expression of BAG-1	BAG-1	[79]
	144	CC	Increased expression of LIS1	LIS1	[66]
	145	GBC	Poor survival	MRP	[70]
	200 family	CC		SUZ12, ROCK2	[56]
	204	IHC	Lymph node metastasis	SLUG	[53]
	214		Enhanced metastatic potential	TWIST	[54]
	370	CC		WNT10B	[80]
	373	hCC	Poor cell differentiation; advanced clinical stage	MBD2	[63]
	605	IHC		PSMD10	[43]
Upregulated	20a	GBC	Local invasion; distant metastasis; poor prognosis and survival	SMAD7	[81]
	21	CC, IHC	Poor disease-free and overall survival; higher clinical stage at diagnosis; poor cell differentiation; lymph node metastasis	15-PGDH, PDCD4, TIMP3, PTPN14, PTEN	[82–85]
	26a	CC		GSK-3β	[86]
	92a			PTEN	[87]
	141	BTC	Shorter disease-free and overall survival; greater risk of angiolymphatic invasion		[88]
	155	GBC	Shorter disease-free survival; lymph node metastasis; vessel invasion		[89]
	221	EHC	Shorter disease-free survival; advanced clinical stage	PTEN	[90]

CC: cholangiocarcinoma; EHC: extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; GBC: gallbladder carcinoma; hCC: hilar cholangiocarcinoma; IHC: intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; miRNA: microRNA.