BioMed Research International

Review Article

Can Molecular Biomarkers Change the Paradigm of Pancreatic Cancer Prognosis?

Table 1

Published studies of PDAC biomarkers with potential value in clinical practice.
Name (biomarker type)Molecule/methodAuthorClinical trialEndpoint valueReference
ECOG (prognosis)Clinical classification/scaleLouvet et al.Phase III313Gemcitabine/oxaliplatin<0.001[19]
Van Cutsem et al.Phase III688Gemcitabine/tipifarnib<0.001[20]
Vivaldi et al.Prospective137FOLFOXIRI=0.001[21]
CA19-9 (prognosis)Protein/serum levels > or = 50 U/mLKang et al.Retrospective61Survival after surgery=0.0049[22]
Protein/serum levels > or = 130 U/mLMaithel et al.Prospective491Tumour unresectability=0.005[23]
C-reactive protein (prognosis)Protein/serum levels > or = 5 mg/dLEngelken et al.Retrospective51Survival=0.001[24]
Protein/serum levels > 10 mg/dLFalconer et al.Retrospective102Survival=0.001[25]
Protein/serum levels > 10 mg/dLJamieson et al.Retrospective65Survival<0.001[26]
Protein/serum levels > 5 mg/dLPine et al.Retrospective199Survival=0.027[27]
Protein/serum levels ≥ 2.0 mg/dLMitsunaga et al. Retrospective/prospective421Survival<0.01[28]
SPARC (predictor/prognosis)Protein/IHCInfante et al.Retrospective299Survival<0.001[29]
Gundewar et al.Retrospective88Survival=0.020[30]
Sinn et al.Phase III160Survival/gemcitabine=0.033[31]
KRAS (diagnosis/prognosis)DNA or ctDNA/real-time PCRShin et al.Retrospective272Survival after surgery=0.001[32]
Bournet et al.Retrospective219Survival=0.01[33]
Tjensvoll et al.Prospective14Survival=0.01[34]
Kinugasa et al.Prospective141Survival=0.002[35]
P53 (prognosis)Protein/IHC, DNA/real-time PCRDiGiuseppe et al.Retrospective48Survival=0.07[36]
Mäkinen et al.Retrospective59Survival=n.s.[37]
Nio et al.Retrospective63Survival=n.s.[38]
Gerdes et al.Retrospective62Survival=n.s.[39]
Jeong et al.Retrospective44Survival=0.029[40]
Bold et al.Retrospective70Survival=0.01[41]
KI-67 (prognosis)Protein/IHCLundin et al.Retrospective133Survival=0.0008[42]
Kim et al.Retrospective341-year recurrence after surgery=0.029[43]
Sagol et al.Retrospective45Survival=n.s.[44]
Stanton et al.Retrospective33Survival=n.s.[45]
BCL2 (prognosis)Protein/IHCNio et al.Retrospective63Survival=n.s.[38]
Bold et al.Retrospective70Survival=0.01[41]
Friess et al. Retrospective78Survival=n.s.[46]
BAX (prognosis)Protein/IHCFriess et al. Retrospective78Survival<0.001[46]
P16 (diagnosis/prognosis)Protein/IHCNaka et al. Retrospective32Survival<0.05[47]
Hu et al.Retrospective62Chronic pancreatitis <0.01[48]
Ohtsubo et al.Retrospective60Survival<0.05[49]
DPC4/SMAD4 (prognosis)Protein/IHC, DNA/real-time PCRShin et al.Retrospective272Survival after surgery=0.047[32]
Tascilar et al.Retrospective249Survival after surgery=0.03[50]
Biankin et al.Retrospective129Tumour unresectability and survival<0.0001[51]
BRCA2 (diagnosis)DNA/real-time PCRMurphy et al.Retrospective31Familial pancreatic cancer<0.001[52]
miRNA-21 (predictive)RNA/real-time PCRKhan et al.Phase II17Survival/cetuximab=0.032[53]
miRNA-155 (diagnosis)RNA/real-time PCR, LNA-ISHHabbe et al.Retrospective79Early diagnosis<0.05[54]
HOTAIR (diagnosis)RNA/real-time PCRXie et al.Retrospective130Liquid biopsy diagnosis<0.001[55]
PVT-1 (diagnosis)RNA/real-time PCRXie et al.Retrospective130Liquid biopsy diagnosis<0.001[55]
ATF6α-P38 (prognosis)Protein/IHCMartinez-Useros et al. Retrospective53Recurrence after surgery=0.008[56]
GRP78 (prognosis)Protein/IHCNiu et al. Retrospective180Survival<0.05[57]
Vimentin (prognosis)Protein/IHCHandra-Luca et al.Retrospective387Survival after surgery<0.01[58]
E-cadherin (prognosis)Protein/IHC Li and JiRetrospective59Survival>0.05[59]
Hong et al.Retrospective329Survival after surgery=0.005[60]
: number of patients; IHC: immunohistochemistry; LNA-ISH: locked nucleic acid in situ hybridization.