Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis Induction via Modulation of Mitochondrial Integrity by Bcl-2 Family Members and Caspase Dependence in Dracaena cinnabari-Treated H400 Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Table 3

Cytotoxicity (IC₅₀) against NHOF cells and selectivity index (SI) of selected active extract, fractions, and subfractions of D. cinnabari.

Selected compounds	IC50  ± SEM (μg/mL)	SI
DC extract	>30	ND
DCc	>30	ND
DCd	>30	ND
DCc15	24 ± 2.77	8.28
DCd16	>30	ND
Cisplatin	>30	ND

Data are presented as mean ± SEM in triplicate. Selectivity index is defined as the ratio of cytotoxicity (IC₅₀ values) on normal human oral fibroblast (NHOF) cells to cancer cells (SI = IC₅₀ NHOF cells/IC₅₀ on H400 cells). SI values greater than 3 are considered to have high selectivity towards cancer cells.
ND: not detected (as the IC₅₀ values on NHOF >30 μg/mL).
DC extract: methanol extract of D. cinnabari.
DCc and DCd: fractions of D. cinnabari.
DCc15: subfraction isolated from fraction DCc.
DCd16: subfraction isolated from fraction DCd.