Extrapedicular Infiltration Anesthesia as an Improved Method of Local Anesthesia for Unipedicular Percutaneous Vertebroplasty or Percutaneous Kyphoplasty

Figure 1

(a) Anesthetic needle (number 7 epidural needle). ((b), (c)) Red dashed arrow-puncture needle path. Yellow area-anesthetic region of the 1st step. Blue area-anesthetic region of the 2nd step. Green area-anesthetic region of the 3rd step (anesthetic region of EPIA). (c) Red ×: pedicle projection point on skin. Purple ×: anesthetic needle position in 3rd step. (d) Anesthetic needle position in 2nd step. (e) Yellow arrow-anesthetic needle position in EPIA on lateral X-ray.

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