Phylogeographic Structure of a Tethyan Relict Capparis spinosa (Capparaceae) Traces Pleistocene Geologic and Climatic Changes in the Western Himalayas, Tianshan Mountains, and Adjacent Desert Regions
Table 1
Details of geographical locations, sample sizes, cpDNA haplotypes, and diversity indices for 31 populations of C. spinosa.
Code
Population locality
Latitude/longitude
Altitude (m)
No.
Haplotype
(±SD)
(±SD)
Overall
267
0.8925 ± 0.0075
0.0037 ± 0.0019
(I) The Western Himalayas group
(1) ZD
Zanda, Tibet
31°30′N/79°38′E
3,598
9
H22, H23, H24
0.4167 ± 0.1907
0.0021 ± 0.0013
(2) QS
Qusum, Tibet
31°29′N/79°48′E
3,645
5
H22
0
0
(II) The Eastern Pamir group
(3) YGS
Yengisar, Xinjiang
38°43′N/76°14′E
2,010
9
H6
0
0
(4) TXG
Taxkorgan, Xinjiang
37°47′N/75°13′E
3,694
5
H6
0
0
(5) AKT
Akto, Xinjiang
38°59′N/75°32′E
2,441
9
H6
0
0
(6) WQ
Wuqia, Xinjiang
39°44′N/75°40′E
1,945
10
H6, H21
0.4667 ± 0.1318
0.0006 ± 0.0005
(7) ATX
Artux, Xinjiang
39°52′N/76°47′E
1,303
10
H6, H7
0.4667 ± 0.1318
0.0006 ± 0.0005
(8) JS
Jiashi, Xinjiang
39°56′N/78°01′E
1,162
9
H6
0
0
(III) The Ili Valley group
(9) GL
Gongliu, Xinjiang
43°37′N/81°49′E
710
9
H7
0
0
(10) YN
Yining, Xinjiang
43°37′N/82°08′E
750
9
H7
0
0
(11) BL
Bole, Xinjiang
44°42′N/82°05′E
470
9
H7
0
0
(12) WS
Wusu, Xinjiang
44°19′N/84°19′E
685
9
H7, H12
0.5000 ± 0.1283
0.0013 ± 0.0009
(IV) The north side of the Tianshan Mountains group
(13) KRMY
Karamay, Xinjiang
44°56′N/84°46′E
296
5
H12
0
0
(14) TL
Toli, Xinjiang
45°55′N/83°36′E
684
5
H17
0
0
(15) SHZ
Shihezi, Xinjiang
44°16′N/85°57′E
356
5
H11
0
0
(16) SW
Shawan, Xinjiang
44°19′N/85°35′E
584
9
H5
0
0
(17) MNS
Manas, Xinjiang
44°11′N/86°08′E
642
8
H5, H10
0.4286 ± 0.1687
0.0002 ± 0.0002
(18) URMQ
Urumqi, Xinjiang
43°44′N/86°57′E
1,060
8
H10, H11
0.4286 ± 0.1687
0.0010 ± 0.0007
(19) JMS
Jimsar, Xinjiang
43°55′N/89°07′E
945
8
H5
0
0
(V) The south side of the Tianshan Mountains group
(20) KP
Kalpin, Xinjiang
40°35′N/79°36′E
1,131
10
H1, H5
0.3556 ± 0.1591
0.0008 ± 0.0006
(21) WNS
Wensu, Xinjiang
41°29′N/79°54′E
1,296
9
H1, H8, H20
0.7500 ± 0.0786
0.0016 ± 0.0010
(22) BC
Baicheng, Xinjiang
41°59′N/83°03′E
1,369
8
H1, H8
0.5714 ± 0.0945
0.0003 ± 0.0003
(23) LT
Luntai, Xinjiang
41°14′N/84°12′E
921
10
H8, H14
0.3556 ± 0.1591
0.0011 ± 0.0007
(24) KRL
Korla, Xinjiang
41°50′N/86°03′E
1,072
8
H1, H8, H13
0.6071 ± 0.1640
0.0004 ± 0.0004
(25) HJ
Hejing, Xinjiang
42°31′N/86°16′E
1,403
10
H5, H8
0.4667 ± 0.1318
0.0012 ± 0.0008
(26) TKS
Toksun, Xinjiang
42°49′N/88°38′E
95
12
H1, H5
0.5455 ± 0.0615
0.0012 ± 0.0008
(27) TRP
Turpan, Xinjiang
42°52′N/89°11′E
−84
12
H1, H5, H11, H18, H19
0.8485 ± 0.0586
0.0017 ± 0.0010
(28) SS
Shanshan, Xinjiang
43°11′N/90°09′E
1,043
9
H10, H15, H16
0.7222 ± 0.0967
0.0015 ± 0.0009
(29) HM
Hami, Xinjiang
42°31′N/94°09′E
773
9
H9, H10, H11
0.7500 ± 0.0786
0.0013 ± 0.0009
(30) DH
Dunhuang, Gansu
40°25′N/94°44′E
1,051
10
H1, H2, H3
0.3778 ± 0.1813
0.0005 ± 0.0004
(31) GZ
Guazhou, Gansu
40°22′N/95°34′E
1,133
10
H1, H2, H4, H5
0.7333 ± 0.1005
0.0011 ± 0.0007
No.: number of sample individuals; : haplotype diversity; : nucleotide diversity.
