The Role of Obesity in Sepsis Outcome among Critically Ill Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis
Table 1
Univariate and multivariate analysis of factors that differ among obese and nonobese critically ill patients. depicts the univariate analysis results while () denotes factors that differ in the multivariate analysis too ( for number of chronic diseases, for bloodstream infection during ICU stay, 0.005 for KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae colonization during ICU stay, and P 0.038 for spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage).
Patient characteristics
Nonobese patients ()
Obese patients ()
Demographics
Age (years)
56.3 ± 19.8
59.1 ± 14.8
0.095
Female gender
129 (32.2%)
44 (43.6%)
0.035
Chronic diseases (number)
0.7 ± 0.9
1.0 ± 1.1
0.001
Diabetes mellitus
82 (12.2%)
56 (34.4%)
<0.001
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
63 (9.4%)
39 (23.9%)
<0.001
Chronic heart failure
71 (10.6%)
20 (12.3%)
0.575
Chronic renal failure requiring dialysis
38 (5.7%)
11 (6.7%)
0.580
Malignancy (solid organ or heamatologic one)
162 (24.1%)
33 (20.2%)
0.305
Cortisone use (within last month of ICU admission)
56 (8.3%)
9 (5.5%)
0.258
Reasons for admission
Spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage
85 (12.7%)
2 (1.2%)
<0.001
Sepsis
87 (13.0%)
38 (23.3%)
0.001
Respiratory insufficiency
63 (9.4%)
19 (11.7%)
0.463
Postoperative observation
302 (45.0%)
71 (43.6%)
0.792
Trauma
103 (15.4%)
22 (13.5%)
0.625
Others
31 (4.6%)
11 (6.7%)
0.316
Hospitalization data
Prior emergency surgery
218 (32.5%)
49 (30.1%)
0.576
Prior abdominal surgery
194 (28.9%)
49 (30.1%)
0.774
Prior hospitalization
237 (35.3%)
57 (35.0%)
1.000
APACHE II Score upon admission
13.3 ± 7.5
12.8 ± 7.1
0.679
SAPS II upon admission
32.6 ± 13.8
33.8 ± 13.1
0.412
SOFA score upon admission
6.4 ± 3.8
7.0 ± 3.5
0.051
ICU length of stay (days)
8.8 ± 11.4
18.4 ± 9.7
0.004
ICU mortality
141 (21.0%)
47 (28.8%)
0.036
ICU data
Cortisone
225 (33.5%)
64 (29.3%)
0.170
Antibiotics administered (number)
2.4 ± 1.6
2.9 ± 2.2
0.036
Mean antibiotic use per day
1.9 ± 1.0
2.1 ± 1.2
0.088
Tracheostomy
183 (27.3%)
55 (33.7%)
0.122
Dialysis
27 (4.0%)
16 (9.8%)
0.005
Parenteral nutrition
110 (16.4%)
38 (23.3%)
0.051
Enteral nutrition
183 (27.3%)
59 (36.2%)
0.027
Number of invasive catheters
0.8 ± 0.9
1.0 ± 1.4
0.253
Colonization/infection data
KPC-Kp colonization during ICU stay
134 (20.0%)
52 (31.9%)
0.002
Days until colonization
9.0 ± 3.1
9.6 ± 3.6
0.583
VRE colonization during ICU stay
24 (3.6%)
8 (4.9%)
0.493
Bloodstream infection during ICU stay
61 (9.1%)
35 (21.5%)
<0.001
Septic shock during ICU stay
91 (13.6%)
45 (27.6%)
<0.001
KPC-Kp infection during ICU stay
29 (4.3%)
19 (11.7%)
0.001
Candida infection during ICU stay
9 (1.3%)
7 (4.3%)
0.022
Data are number (%) of patients or mean ± SD. ICU: intensive care unit; APACHE II: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; SAPS: Simplified Acute Physiology Score II; SOFA: Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; KPC-Kp: KPC-producing K. pneumoniae; VRE: vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus. Coma, epilepsy, myocardial infarction, and intoxication. All patients after ICU admission were intubated and mechanically ventilated and were continuously monitored with a central venous catheter, an arterial catheter, and a urinary catheter. Number of catheters does not include the aforementioned ones.
