Structural and Histochemical Alterations in the Aortic Valves of Elderly Patients: A Comparative Study of Aortic Stenosis, Aortic Regurgitation, and Normal Valves

Figure 5

Immunostaining with anticollagen type I or III and anti-LOX. In the AS group (upper row), collagen type I (a) was present at the inner side of the fibrosa (marked “F”), and collagen type III (b) was widely distributed in the rest of the fibrosa and ventricularis (the latter marked “V”). In the AR group (lower row), collagen types I (c) and III (d) coexisted in the fibrosa and ventricularis. ((e), (f)) The ICs of organized thrombi gathered at subendothelial locations were positive for anti-LOX staining (arrow) and the cells in the fibrosa (star) were positive, especially surrounding calcified nodules (arrowhead). Scale bar = 100 μm.

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