Structural and Histochemical Alterations in the Aortic Valves of Elderly Patients: A Comparative Study of Aortic Stenosis, Aortic Regurgitation, and Normal Valves

Table 2

Characteristic differences between AS and AR.

AV	Calc/lipid	F. array	Capillary	IC/inf cells	COL type	COLase	AGEs deposit	LOX
AS	Many	Irregular	Many	Many	1 & 3 separate	Sens	Sparse	Pathy
AR	A few	Regular	A few	A few	1 & 3 coexist	Resist	Diffuse	Rare

Calc, calcification; F. array, fibre array; IC/inf cells, interstitial cell/inflammatory cells; COL type, collagen type; COLase, collagenase; AGEs, advanced glycation end-products; LOX, lysyl oxidase.