Copyrolysis of Biomass and Coal: A Review of Effects of Copyrolysis Parameters, Product Properties, and Synergistic Mechanisms

Table 1

Co-pyrolysis studies of coal/biomass blends performed on TG.

1st author	HR (°C/min)	Temp. (°C)	Fuels	Coal to biomass blend ratio (w/w)	Publishing year
Synergistic behaviors
Haykiri-Acma [10]	20	900	li-hs	98-96-94-90-80	2007
Chen [6]	10-20-40	1000	semi-cv	30-50-70	2012
Park [8]	15	900	sub-sd	60	2010
Shui [7]	10	800	sub-sd	50	2011
Aboyade [5]	5-10-50	900	hc-bg-cc	90-80-70-60-50	2012
Song [62]	10	1000	sd-li	20-50-80	2014
Ulloa [9]	10-30-50	1200	sub-bit-sd	50	2009
Li [42]	10-15-20-25-30	900	bit-sd	20-40-60-80	2015
Wu [63]	10-20-40	950	ce-bit	25-50-75	2016
Additive behaviors
Vuthaluru [2]	20	1250	sub-ww-ws	10-20-30-50	2003
Jones [31]	25	900	bit-hvb-li-pw	25-50-75	2005
Sonobe [12]	10	600	li-cc	90-50-10	2008
Kastanaki [4]	10	850	li-oc-fr-cr	95-90-80	2002
Biagini [50]	20	900	hv-lv-sd-ss	15 to 60	2002
Pan [3]	100	900	bl-lq-pc	80-60-40-20	1996
Vamvuka [64]	10	850	li-oc-fr-cr	95-90-80	2003
Sadhukhan [65]	40	1000	li-ww	50-40-10	2008
Idris [66]	10-20-40-60	900	sub-op	80-60-50-40-20	2010

Coals: sub, subbituminous; li, lignite; hvb, high-volatile bituminous; bit, bituminous; semi: semianthracite; bl, black; lq, low-quality; hv, high-volatile; lv, low-volatile; hc, hard coal.
Biomass: ww, wood waste; ws, wheat straw; hs, hazelnut shell; pi, pinewood; cc, corncob; cv: chlorella vulgaris; sd: sawdust; oc, olive cake; fr, forest residue; cr, cotton residue; pc, pine chips; op, oil palm; ss, sewage sludge; ce, cellulose.