Retrograde versus Antegrade Approach for the Management of Large Proximal Ureteral Stones

Table 2

Intraoperative parameters and postoperative outcomes.

	Antegrade	Retrograde
Procedure duration (minutes)	63.2 ± 12.0	35.3 ± 16.0	<0.001
Fluoroscopy time (seconds)	172.7 ± 50.6	45.6 ± 39.4	<0.001
Postoperative stenting
No	19 (82.6)	9 (26.5)	<0.001
Yes	4 (17.4)	25 (73.5)
Length of hospitalization (days)	4.00 ± 1.83	1.65 ± 1.48	<0.001
Postoperative complications
No	17 (73.9)	27 (79.4)	0.627^†
Yes	6 (26.1)	7 (20.6)
Clavien-Dindo categorization
Grade 0	17 (73.9)	28 (82.4)	0.745^†
Grade 1	3 (13.0)	3 (8.8)
Grade 2	3 (13.0)	3 (8.8)
Postoperative stone-free
No	0 (0.0)	6 (17.6)	0.033
Yes	23 (100.0)	28 (82.4)

Statistically significant, ^†Chi-square test, ^‡Mann-Whitney test, and sd = standard deviation.