Development and Validation of a Questionnaire to Assess Multimorbidity in Primary Care: An Indian Experience

Table 2

Domains, items, and measurement tools in MAQ-PC.

Domain	Measure	Validation process
Chronic conditions
Diseases; (18 with 3 additional open options)	Close ended question of self-reported doctor diagnosed diseases, symptoms, and prescription check	Scott Kappa value
Depression	Patient Health Questionnaire-9	Test-retest reliability and interrater reliability; Internal consistency
Medication	Close ended question according to expert group	Test-retest reliability and interrater reliability; Internal consistency
Health care utilization
Frequency of hospital visits in last one year for any chronic disease	Open ended question for outpatient visit in last one year [WHO-SAGE]	Test-retest reliability and interrater reliability; Internal consistency
Frequency of inpatient admission in last one year for any chronic disease	Open ended question for hospitalization [WHO-SAGE]	Test-retest reliability and interrater reliability; Internal consistency
Number of medicines being taken daily	Open ended question for number of medicines taken	Test-retest reliability and interrater reliability; Internal consistency
Health related quality of life
Self-rated overall health	Scales	Cognitive briefing; Test-retest reliability and interrater reliability; Internal consistency
SF-12	Mental components; Physical components	Cognitive briefing; Test-retest reliability and interrater reliability; Internal consistency
Severity of the disease
Limitation in activities due to health problems	Impact of individual chronic disease on activity limitation	Test-retest reliability and interrater reliability
Frequency of hospital visits for current disease	Adopted from WHO-SAGE 2010	Test-retest reliability and interrater reliability
Sociodemographic
Age of the patient	Annual Health Survey, India	Internal consistency
Gender	Annual Health Survey, India	Internal consistency
Marital status	Annual Health Survey, India	Internal consistency
Education	Annual Health Survey, India	Internal consistency
Net household income per month	Annual Health Survey, India	Internal consistency
Socioeconomic status	According to the government of Odisha	Internal consistency
Religion and social caste	Annual Health Survey, India	Internal consistency
Health insurance	Close ended questionnaire developed	Internal consistency