Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery and Minimal Access Spinal Surgery Compared in Anterior Thoracic or Thoracolumbar Junctional Spinal Reconstruction: A Case-Control Study and Review of the Literature

Table 3

A summary of perioperative complications in MIS for anterior T and TLJ spinal surgery.

	VATS ()	MASS ()
Number of patients
Complications in authors’ institute	27	11	0.263
Complications in review articles	99	60
A total number of complications	126 (17)	71 (15)	0.317
No complication	610	404	0.567
Minor complication	102	59
Major complication	24	12
Minor complication	102 (80)	59 (83)	0.708
Pleural effusion, pneumothorax, and intercostal neuralgia	52	18
Superficial wound infection	12	3
Incidental durotomy	8	15
Pulmonary infection s/p medical treatment	8	3
Lung atelectasis or poor pulmonary function	7	4
Hypesthesia or transient motor dysfunction	3	5
Paralytic ileus	0	5
Laceration of lung parenchyma s/p repair	4	0
Deep vein thrombosis	0	4
Pharyngeal pain	3	0
Subcutaneous emphysema	2	0
Implant malposition	1	1
Splenic contusion	1	0
Iatrogenic rib fracture	1	0
Urinary tract Infection	0	1
Major complication	24 (20)	12 (17)
Revision	11	8
Graft dislodgment or implant failure or pseudoarthrosis	7	5
Incomplete decompression (residual disc herniation)	3	2
Wrong level	1	0
Dehiscent muscular layers in the flank	0	1
Pneumonia with requiring intubation	4	0
Iatrogenic cardiovascular injury	3	0
Deep wound infection	1	1
Permanent neurogenic deterioration	1	0
Postoperative acute myocardial infarction	1	0
Death	3	3
Pneumonia	1	1
Intraoperative arrhythmia	1	0
Acute thromboembolism	1	2
Specific complications in MIS for anterior T and TLJ spinal Surgery
Approach-associated complications	54	18
Pulmonary infections	13	4	0.218
Iatrogenic cardiovascular injury	3	0	0.284

Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation or number (%). .
MIS: minimally invasive surgery; VATS: video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery; MASS: minimal access spinal surgery; T: thoracic; TLJ: thoracolumbar junction.