The Impact of Biopsy on Human Embryo Developmental Potential during Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis

Figure 3

Comparison between different biopsy stages. Despite the fact that trophectoderm-based blastocyst biopsy approach (c) is not such a widespread method as cleavage stage one (b), several preclinical and clinical evidences recognized its value and highlighted its advantages with respect to the latter, as also in comparison with polar body approach (a). Black arrows indicate negative evidences described in literature; white arrows indicate positive evidences described in literature; question marks indicate still controversial aspects. PB, polar body; TE, trophectoderm; FP, false positive; FN, false negative.