The Effect of Diabetes Medication on Cognitive Function: Evidence from the PATH Through Life Study
Table 2
Association between type of diabetes treatment and cognitive function (mean and SD).
MMSE
SDMT
Imm. Rec.
STW
Digit Back.
Trail A
Trail B
PPEG (both hands)
SRT
CRT
No diabetes ()
Baseline
29.3 (1.2)
50.3 (9.0)
7.1 (2.2)
53.2 (5.2)
5.3 (2.2)
33.9 (10.6)
78.0 (30.4)
10.1 (1.8)
.3 (.1)
.3 (.1)
Follow-up
29.1 (1.3)
48.3 (9.1)
6.7 (2.3)
53.3 (5.0)
5.1 (2.2)
35.9 (13.2)
83.3 (33.6)
9.5 (1.8)
.3 (.1)
.3 (.1)
Change
−.2
−2.0
−.4
.1
−.2
2.0
5.3
−.6
0
0
Diet only ()
Baseline
29.1 (1.1)
49.1 (8.1)
6.8 (1.9)
53.8 (4.6)
5.0 (2.3)
33.9 (11.0)
79.3 (27.3)
10.0 (1.7)
.3 (.1)
.4 (.1)
Follow-up
29.2 (1.0)
45.6 (9.3)
6.1 (2.2)
53.6 (5.0)
4.7 (1.9)
39.9 (22.9)
85.4 (29.5)
9.2 (1.7)
.3 (.1)
.3 (.1)
Change
.1
−3.5
−.7
−.2
−.3
6.0
6.1
−.8
0
−.1
OHA only ()
Baseline
29.1 (1.2)
46.8 (9.6)
6.4 (2.6)
52.5 (5.6)
4.8 (1.9)
36.0 (12.6)
85.6 (37.4)
10.1 (1.9)
.3 (.1)
.3 (.1)
Follow-up
29.1 (1.1)
44.4 (9.9)
6.5 (2.2)
52.4 (5.5)
4.7 (2.1)
40.1 (16.1)
95.7 (37.0)
9.1 (1.9)
.3 (.1)
.3 (.1)
Change
0
−2.4
.1
−.1
−.1
4.1
10.1
−1.0
0
0
OHA + ins. ()
Baseline
29.2 (1.2)
47.5 (7.5)
5.5 (2.0)
53.4 (4.4)
3.6 (2.4)
42.9 (15.3)
85.2 (24.8)
8.8 (2.2)
.3 (.1)
.4 (.1)
Follow-up
29.0 (.9)
43.4 (9.0)
5.9 (2.8)
53.2 (4.7)
4.7 (2.1)
46.2 (20.0)
102.1 (39.5)
7.7 (2.1)
.3 (.1)
.4 (.1)
Change
−.2
−4.1
.4
−.2
1.1
3.3
16.9
−1.1
0
0
Note: measures for Trail A, Trail B, SRT, and CRT represent response time. Thus, positive values for change indicate cognitive decline. All other measures (SDMT, Imm. Rec., STW, Digit Back., and PPEG (both hands)) represent number of items completed correctly (negative values for change indicate cognitive decline).
