Effects of Nutrients in Substrates of Different Grains on Aflatoxin B₁ Production by Aspergillus flavus

Table 4

Effect of trace elements on AFB₁ production.

Aflatoxin	Control	Concentration of trace elements (mg/L)
		5	10	20	50	100	200
Copper	238.35 ± 36.61	4.39 ± 0.29	4.90 ± 0.59	3.00 ± 0.94	4.31 ± 0.08	—	—
Iron	238.35 ± 36.61	—	—	2.39 ± 0.08	2.71 ± 1.21	0.36 ± 0.23	0.73 ± 0.20
Zinc	238.35 ± 36.61	—	—	954.95 ± 21.15	1232.08 ± 312.71	4733.88 ± 795.24	—
Manganese	238.35 ± 36.61	—	1.75 ± 0.14	17.87 ± 3.53	29.30 ± 4.87	10.00 ± 3.18	—

—: concentration not studied.
Mean values with different letters for each trace element are significantly different ().
Aflatoxin B₁ values are the average of five replications with standard deviation in ng/30 mL.