The Antitumor Effect of Gekko Sulfated Glycopeptide by Inhibiting bFGF-Induced Lymphangiogenesis

Figure 1

GSPP inhibited bFGF-induced proliferation of hLECs and Erk phosphorylation. (a) Morphological characteristics of hLECs in vitro culture hLECs were compressed ovoid, short fusiform, or polygon and formed a single layer with the characteristic of “pebbles.” (b) hLECs growth curves (1 × 10⁵ cells/mL) were incubated with different concentration of GSPP (0, 10, and 100 µg/mL) and/or bFGF (10 ng/mL) for 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 d, then cell proliferation was quantified by MTS assay, and cell growth curve was made. (c) The changes of Erk and p-Erk protein expression level of hLECs cultured in 6-well plate were incubated with different concentration of GSPP (0, 10, and 100 µg/mL) and/or bFGF (10 ng/mL); Erk and p-Erk protein levels were monitored by western blot analysis of whole-cell lysates. (d) Cell cycle analysis. Left, histogram of cell cycle distribution. Right, statistical analysis of cell cycle percentage. After exposure to GSPP (0, 10, and 100 µg/mL) and/or bFGF (10 ng/mL) for 48 h, cell cycle distribution was determined by propidium iodide labeling. (A) Control, (B) bFGF 10 ng/mL, (C) GSPP 10 µg/mL, (D) GSPP 100 µg/mL, (E) GSPP 10 µg/mL + bFGF 10 ng/mL, and (F) GSPP 100 µg/mL + bFGF 10 ng/mL. Data were presented as mean ± SD of three independent experiments. hLECs, human lymphatic endothelial cells; bFGF, basic fibroblast growth factor; GSPP, Gekko Sulfated Glycopeptide.

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