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| Strengthening exercises | Perform daily |
| Repetition: hold for 10 s × 10 repetitions and repeat 3 times |
| Exercise | Performance | Clinical observation |
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| Quadriceps strengthening (hip flexor) | In the supine position, bend the contralateral knee in flexion; raise the exercise limb with the knee in full extension to the height of the contralateral flexed knee. | Avoid lumbar hyperlordosis with back symptoms. |
| Gluteus maximus strengthening (hip extensor) | In the prone position, raise the exercise limb with the knee in full extension to the ceiling. | Avoid lumbar hyperlordosis with back symptoms. |
| Gluteus medius strengthening (hip abductor) | In the lateral lying position, bend the knee and hip of the lower leg and raise the upper leg, keeping the knee straight. | Assure that hip joint remains in slight extension and without rotation. |
| Adductor magnus strengthening (hip adductor) | In the lateral lying position, bend the knee and hip of the upper leg in front and raise the low leg, keeping the knee straight. | |
| Quadriceps strengthening (knee extensor) | Sit with legs over the edge of the table, allowing the knees to flex to 90°, and slowly extend the knee to full extension and then return the knee to the flexed position. | |
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| Muscle flexibility exercises | Perform daily |
| Repetition: hold for 10 s × 10 repetitions and repeat 3 times |
| Exercise | Performance | Clinical observation |
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| Standing calf stretch | Stand with the heel of the foot on the ground, with toes pointing straight ahead.
Lean forward until the calf is stretched. Use both arms for support against a wall. | |
| Supine hamstring muscle stretch | In the supine position, flex the ipsilateral hip to 90°.
Straighten the knee with a strap under the foot.
Grasp the strap by using both hands and pull until the posterior thigh and calf are stretched. | If radicular symptoms are produced, then reduce the intensity of the stretch. |
| Prone quadriceps femoris muscle stretch | In the prone position, extend both hips and knees.
Place a strap around the ipsilateral ankle.
Grasp the strap by using both hands and bend the knee until the anterior thigh is stretched. | Avoid lumbar hyperlordosis with back symptoms and hamstring cramping. |
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| Muscle flexibility exercises | Perform daily |
| Repetition: hold for 90 s at each point and repeat 3 times daily |
| Exercise | Performance | Clinical observation |
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| Lateral lying tensor fasciae latae massage | In the lateral lying position, place a tennis ball on the lateral surface of the thigh to produce ischemia compression. | Pressure as pain tolerance |
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