In Vivo and In Vitro Genotoxic and Epigenetic Effects of Two Types of Cola Beverages and Caffeine: A Multiassay Approach
Table 4
Effects of CCC, CFCC, and CAF treatments on the Drosophila melanogaster mean lifespan and healthspan.
Mean lifespan (days)
Mean lifespan difference (%)
Healthspan (80th percentile) (days)
Healthspan difference (%)
CCC (mg/mL)
Control
59.68 ± 2.92
0
32.63 ± 1.49
0
0.78
59.7 ± 2.6
0.04
29.67 ± 2.28
−9.08
3.125
69.78 ± 2.82
16.93
37.73 ± 2.58
15.63
6.25
59.81 ± 2.58
0.23
37.30 ± 2.26
14.32
25
69.16 ± 3.39
15.90
34.48 ± 2.17
5.57
100
64.34 ± 3.77
7.82
39.95 ± 0.96
22.44
CFCC (mg/mL)
Control
66.05 ± 2.17
0
46.30 ± 1.90
0
0.78
65.7 ± 3.23
−0.99
42.16 ± 3.42
−8.93
3.125
66.86 ± 2.03
1.01
39.00 ± 5.00
−15.77
6.25
59.55 ± 3.57
−9.84
52.05 ± 1.93
12.43
25
66.06 ± 2.7
1.0
42.30 ± 0.67
−8.64
100
54.71 ± 2.17
−18.17
38.27 ± 1.09
−17.35
CAF (mM)
Control
58.84 ± 2.46
0
30.18 ± 1.15
0
0.004
62.88 ± 1.7
6.87
47 ± 2.65
55.73
0.016
64.34 ± 2.75
9.35
36.18 ± 3.57
19.87
0.032
68.86 ± 2.38
17.02
42.35 ± 3.57
40.32
0.127
70.91 ± 2.99
20.52
36.91 ± 3.22
22.23
0.51
61.14 ± 2.07
3.91
38.15 ± 2.2
26.41
The difference was calculated by comparing treated flies with the concurrent water control. Positive numbers indicate lifespan increase and negative numbers indicate lifespan decrease. Data are expressed as mean value ± SE. , , and significances obtained with the log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test.
