Heavy metal Main findings Reference As Gastric cancer increased by 8.2% in villages with As-contaminated drinking water. [12 ] As The rates of GI cancers increased in an area in Turkey with high As contamination, compared with the average rate in Turkey. [13 ] Pb, As, Sb Statistical analysis revealed a high correlation between gastric cancer and areas with mineral deposits of Pb, As, Sb. [11 ] Cr Meta-analysis indicated that Cr6+ exposure increases the risk of gastric cancer (RR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.18, 1.69). [3 ] Cr Cr topsoil concentrations correlated with mortality of upper GI tract and breast cancer among women. [7 ] Pb Inorganic lead exposure is associated with gastric cancer (OR = 3.0, 95% Cl = 1.2–7.3; and OR = 2.0; 95% CI = 1.1–3.8, resp.). [15 ] As Soil arsenic was significantly positively correlated with gastric cancer ( [13 ] As As exposure was significantly associated with colon, gastric, kidney, lung, and nasopharyngeal cancer mortality rates. [6 ] Cd, Pb Cd and Pb exposure increased the risk of mortality from all cancers, including stomach, esophageal, and lung cancers. [7 ] Pb A significantly statistical association was observed between Pb topsoil levels and primary gastric cancer. [17 ] Cd Gastric cancer patients had higher urine Cd concentrations in Tabriz, Northwest of Iran (OR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.35–2.20). [10 ] Hg The level of Hg in hair positively correlated with the transition of gastritis to superficial gastritis and atrophic gastritis or even cancer. [14 ]
