Fermentation Quality and Additives: A Case of Rice Straw Silage

Table 4

List of available silage additives used for ensiling.

Additives	Activities	Examples
Stimulants	Microbial inoculation	Lactic acid forming bacteria (homofermentase and heterofermentase)
	Enzymes	Cellulases, amylases, hemicellulases, pectinase, and proteases
	Sugar	Glucose, sucrose, molasses, citrus pulp, pineapple pulp, and sugar beet pulp
Fermentation inhibitors	Acid and organic acid salt	Aerobic (e.g., propionic acid, sulphates, caproic acid, sorbic acid, propionates, and acetic acid) and anaerobic (e.g., formic acid, mineral acids, lactic acid, benzoic acid, acrylic acid, citric acid, and sorbic acid)
	Other chemical inhibitors	Sodium nitrite, formaldehyde, and sodium metabisulphite
Nutrients	Nonprotein nitrogen	Urea and ammonia

Source: [23–25].