Research Article
Epidemiology and Outcome of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in a Heterogeneous ICU Population in Qatar
Table 1
Clinical data of patients admitted with VAP.
| | Characteristic | MICU
= 27 (%) | SICU
= 27 (%) | TICU
= 52 (%) | Overall
= 106 (%) |
| | Age (mean ± SD) (years) | 57.9 ± 16.2 | 53.1 ± 15.9 | 37.3 ± 16.4 | 46.6 ± 18.6 |
| | Gender | | | | | | Male | 17 (63) | 21 (77.8) | 47 (90.4) | 85 (80.2) | | Female | 10 (37) | 6 (22.2) | 5 (9.6) | 21 (19.8) |
| | Ethnicity | | | | | | Qatari | 10 (37) | 6 (22.2) | 15 (28.8) | 31 (29.2) | | African | 2 (7.4) | 5 (18.5) | 7 (13.5) | 14 (13.2) | | Indian subcontinent | 12 (44.4) | 13 (48.1) | 22 (42.3) | 47 (44.3) | | Southeast Asians | 0 | 0 | 5 (9.6) | 5 (4.7) | | Others | 3 (11.2) | 3 (11.2) | 3 (5.8) | 9 (8.5) |
| | Comorbidities | | | | | | Diabetes mellitus | 12 (44.4) | 11 (40.7) | 7 (13.5) | 30 (28.3) | | Hypertension | 15 (55.6) | 13 (48.1) | 8 (15.4) | 36 (34) | | Cardiovascular disease | 6 (22.2) | 6 (22.2) | 3 (5.8) | 15 (14.2) | | Renal disease | 3 (11.1) | 2 (7.4) | 2 (3.8) | 7 (6.6) | | Neurological condition | 6 (22.2) | 1 (3.7) | 0 | 7 (6.6) | | Respiratory disease | 5 (18.5) | 3 (11.1) | 2 (3.8) | 10 (9.4) | | Hepatic disease | 4 (14.8) | 2 (7.4) | 2 (3.8) | 8 (7.5) | | Malignancy | 1 (3.7) | 3 (11.1) | 1 (1.9) | 5 (4.7) |
| | Smoker | 8 (29.6) | 9 (33.3) | 3 (5.8) | 20 (18.9) |
| | Functional status | | | | | | Ambulatory | 20 (74) | 25 (92.6) | 52 (100) | 97 (91.5) | | Bed bound | 7 (26) | 2 (7.4) | 0 | 9 (8.5) |
| | Source of admission | | | | | | Emergency room | 10 (37) | 11 (40.7) | 48 (92.3) | 69 (65.1) | | Ward (medical/surgical) | 15 (55.6) | 11 (40.7) | 0 | 26 (24.5) | | Operation room | 0 | 4 (14.9) | 0 | 4 (3.8) | | Other hospitals | 2 (7.4) | 1 (3.7) | 4 (7.7) | 7 (6.6) |
| | Admission diagnosis | | | | | | Head trauma | 0 | 0 | 12 (23.1) | 12 (11.3) | | Polytrauma | 0 | 0 | 39 (75) | 39 (36.8) | | Respiratory failure | 11 (40.7) | 3 (11.1) | 0 | 14 (13.2) | | Sepsis | 4 (14.9) | 8 (29.6) | 0 | 12 (11.3) | | Neurological disease | 10 (37) | 9 (33.3) | 1 (1.9) | 20 (18.9) | | Cardiovascular disease | 0 | 2 (7.4) | 0 | 2 (1.9) | | Intra-abdominal disease | 1 (3.7) | 4 (14.8) | 0 | 5 (4.7) | | Miscellaneous | 1 (3.7) | 1 (3.7) | 0 | 2 (1.9) |
| | SOFA score (mean ± SD) | 7.8 ± 3.0 | 5.7 ± 3.3 | 6.2 ±3.4 | 6.5 ± 3.4 |
| | Duration of mechanical ventilation before developing VAP (mean ± SD) (days) | 17.0 ± 11.9 | 11.4 ± 9.8 | 9.5 ± 6.8 | 11.9 ± 9.5 |
| | Inappropriate antibiotic therapy | 10 (37) | 8 (29.6) | 5 (9.6) | 23 (21.7) |
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SOFA: Sequential Organ Failure Assessment.
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