Microelectrical Impedance Spectroscopy for the Differentiation between Normal and Cancerous Human Urothelial Cell Lines: Real-Time Electrical Impedance Measurement at an Optimal Frequency

Figure 6

A plot showing the concept of differentiation index. The differentiation index (), which is the product of the average ratio () to the gap ratio (), was applied to evaluate the effectiveness of the μEIS-OF to discriminate between the two cell lines. The calculated values in both amplitude and phase angle exceeded 1.0. Therefore, the cell lines were well discriminated with a low variance at 119 kHz. (: average value of the upper level, : minimum value of the upper level, : average value of the lower level, and : maximum value of the lower level).