The Alternative Faces of Macrophage Generate Osteoclasts

Figure 3

Macrophage polarization. Two cytokines GM-CSF and M-CSF contribute to the survival and proliferation of macrophages population in the steady-state conditions. TLR and IFNγ promote the expression of proinflammatory molecules such as TNF-, IL-6, COX-2, NO, and ROS via STAT1 and NF-B (RelA/p50). In contrast, the activation of STAT6 and NF-B (p50/p50) by IL-4 promotes the expression of anti-inflammatory molecules such as IL-10, arginase 1, PPARγ, IL-4R, and scavengers.