Synergistic Effects of Six Chronic Disease Pairs on Decreased Physical Activity: The SMILE Cohort Study

Table 1

Participant characteristics.

Characteristic	Participants ( = 3,386)
Age (years)
Sex (, % female)	1791 (52.9)
Height (cm)
Body weight (kg)
Osteoarthritis of knees, hips, or hands	780 (23.0)
Severe back problems	517 (15.3)
Chronic respiratory disease	321 (9.5)
Inflammatory joint disease	302 (8.9)
Cardiovascular disease	299 (8.8)
Diabetes mellitus	230 (6.8)
Migraine	158 (4.7)
Rheumatoid arthritis	150 (4.4)
Persistent injury due to an accident	132 (3.9)
Severe bowel disease	112 (3.3)
Cancer	77 (2.3)
Neurological disorders and stroke	70 (2.1)
Severe kidney disease	48 (1.4)
Epilepsy	20 (0.6)
Liver disease	16 (0.5)

Continuous variables are presented as mean ± standard deviation and dichotomous variables as (%).