Study of Valproic Acid-Enhanced Hepatocyte Steatosis

Figure 5

VPA enhances oleic acids increased PPARγ protein expression and nuclear translocation, but not the mRNA levels. Real-time PCR (a), Western blotting (b), and immunofluorescence staining (c) were conducted following 24-hour treatment with BSA, VPA (1 mM), OLA (100 μM), or OLA plus VPA. For real-time PCR, relative fold changes were calculated using Ct values obtained from three independent experiments and are shown as means ± SEM. above the bars refer to significant differences (). Densitometric analyses for Western blotting were conducted for sample sets obtained from three independent experiments, and results are shown as means ± SEM. above the bars refer to significant differences (). In the immunofluorescence staining images, nuclear and intracellular PPARγ proteins were stained by Hoechst 33342- (blue) and DyLight 488-conjugated antibody (green), respectively.

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