|
| References | Type of study | The volume of injected PMMA | The increment of pedicle screw stability |
|
| Fransen [6] | Clinical study in patients with osteoporosis and severe osteoporosis (T12-L1, L3–L5) | 1.5 mL | |
|
|
Frankel et al. [7] | Study in vitro in osteoporotic thoracic and lumbar vertebrae (T5-L5) | 2.0~8.0 mL | The first surgery 119%
The revision surgery 162% |
|
|
Becker et al. [8] | Study in vitro in osteoporotic lumbar vertebrae (L1–L4) | 2.0 mL | 79% |
|
|
Chang et al. [9] | Clinical study in patients with osteopenia, osteoporosis, and severe osteoporosis (T2-S1) | 3.0 mL (lumbar vertebrae) and 2–2.5 mL (thoracic vertebrae and S1) | |
|
|
Moon et al. [10] | Clinical study in patients with osteoporosis and severe osteoporosis (T2-S1) | 1.7~2.0 mL | |
|
|
Waits et al. [11] | Study in vitro in osteopenia lumbar vertebrae | 2.5 mL | |
|
|
Blattert et al. [12] | Study in vitro in osteoporotic thoracic and lumbar vertebrae (T9-L4) | 1.5 mL | |
|
|
Chen et al. [13] | Study in vitro in severe osteoporotic synthetic bone block | 3 mL | |
|
|
Bullmann et al. [14] | Study in vitro in osteoporotic thoracic and lumbar vertebrae (T7-L3) | 0.8–2.0 mL | 28.7% |
|
|
Paré et al. [15] | Study in vitro in osteoporotic thoracic and lumbar vertebrae (T7-L5) | Thoracic vertebrae (0.5 mL, 1.0 mL, and 1.5 mL) and lumbar vertebrae (1.5 mL, 2.0 mL, and 2.5 mL) | Thoracic vertebrae, 186% (1.0 mL) and 158% (1.5 mL), and lumbar vertebrae, 264% (1.5 mL), 221% (2.0 mL), amd 198% (2.5 mL) |
|
|
Chen et al. [16] | Study in vitro in severe osteoporotic synthetic bone block | 3 mL | 1031%, 817.1%, 902.4%, and 609.5% |
|
|
Liu et al. [17] | Study in vitro in osteoporotic synthetic bone block | 2.5 mL | 448% |
|
|
Chen et al. [18] | Study in vitro in severe osteoporotic synthetic bone block | 1 mL, 2 mL, and 3 mL | 259% (1.0 mL), 508% (2.0 mL), and 715% (3.0 mL) |
|
