MicroRNA as a Therapeutic Target in Cardiac Remodeling

Table 1

Summary of reported miRNAs and their targets in cardiac hypertrophy.

miRNAs	Targets	Effector cells	Signal pathways	References
Antihypertrophic
miR-1	Eif4e	C57Bl/6 mouse and NMCMs	Translation	[7–12]
	Cdk6	NRVCs and ACC mouse	CDKs-Rb pathway
	HDAC6	NRCMs and Wistar rats	Chromatin modifying
	CAM	TG mouse and NRVMs	Calcium signaling
	Mef2a	TG mouse and NRVMs	Calcium signaling
	Gata4	TG mouse and NRVMs	Calcium signaling
	FABP3	NMCMs and TAC mouse	PPAR
	Fbln2	NMCMs	ECM
miR-10a	Tbx5	TAC mouse and NRVMs	transcription	[15]
miR-497	Sirt4	TAC mouse and NRVMs	AMPK	[16]
miR-133	AT1R	Male Wistar rats and NRCMs	ERK-MAPK	[13, 14]
	Cdc42,	NMCMs and TAC mouse	MAPK
	Rho-A,	NMCMs and TAC mouse	cGMP-PKG
	Nelf-A/WHSC2	NMCMs and TAC mouse	Transcription
miR-223	TNNI3K	NRCMs and TAC mouse	Calcium signaling	[17]
miR-455	CRT	TAC mouse	Calcium signaling	[18]
miR-378	Mapk1	NRCMs and TAC mouse	MAPK	[19, 20]
	IGF1r	NRCMs and TAC mouse	MAPK
	Grb2	NRCMs and TAC mouse	MAPK
	Ksr1	NRCMs and TAC mouse	MAPK
miR-145	GATA6	NRCMs and TAC mouse	cGMP-PKG	[21, 22]
miR-29a-3p	NFATc4	H9c2 cell	cGMP-PKG	[26]
Prohypertrophic
miR-21-3p	SORBS2	NRVMs and NRCFs	Transcription
	PDZ	NRVMs and NRCFs	Transcription	[32]
	PDLIM5	NRVMs and NRCFs	Transcription
miR-208	AT1R	Male wistar rats and NRCMs	ERK-MAPK	[27, 28, 44]
	THRAP1	TG mouse	Thyroid hormone
	Myh7	Adult male Dahl salt-sensitive rats
miR-124	Grp78	NRCMs	Reticulum (ER) stress signaling	[29]
	CRT	NRCMs	Calcium signaling
miR-297	Sig-1R	TAC rat and NRVMs	ER stress signaling	[30]
miR-17-3p	TIMP3	NRVMs and C57BL/6 mice	PTEN-AKT pathway	[31]
miR-155	Mef2A	TAC rat and KO mice	Calcineurin pathway
	Jarid2	TAC rat and KO mice	Calcineurin pathway	[23, 33]
	AGTR1	Rat H9C2 cell	Calcium signaling pathways
miR-212/132	Foxo3	H9c2 cells and TAC mouse	PI3K-Akt	[24]
miR-22	Hdac4	NRVCs, miR-22; KO mouse	AMPK
	Pten	NRVCs	PI3K-AKT	[25, 34, 35]
	Sirt1	NRVCs, miR-22; KO mouse	AMPK
miR-23a	Foxo3a,	NMCMs, TAC and TG mouse	PI3K-AKT	[25, 36]
	LPA1	NMCMs	PI3K-AKT
miR-195	HMGA1	NRVCs		[37, 38]
miR-19a/b	atrogin1,	NRVCs and TAC mouse	calcineurin/NFAT	[39]
	Murf1	NRVCs and TAC mouse	PKC
miR-27b	Pparγ	NRVCs, TAC and TG mouse	PPAR	[40]
miR-328	Serca2a	NRVCs, TAC and TG mouse	cGMP-PKG	[41]
miR-185	Camk2d	NRVMs and TAC mouse	Calcium	[42]
miR-101	Ncx1	NRVMs and TAC mouse	cGMP-PKG	[43]
	Nfatc3	NRVMs and TAC mouse	cGMP-PKG
	Rab1A	TAC rat	MAPKK

LPA1: lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1; Mapk1: mitogen-activated protein kinase 1; Murf1: tripartite motif-containing 63; NCX1: sodium/calcium exchanger 1; Nfatc3: nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic, calcineurin dependent 3; NFATc4: nuclear factor of activated T cells 4; PDLIM5: PDZ and LIM domain 5; Pparγ: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ; p300: E1A binding protein p300; Rab1A: Ras-related protein Rab 1a; RasGAP: Ras GTPase–activating protein; Rheb: Ras homolog enriched in brain; Rho-A: Ras homolog family member A; Serca2a: Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺-ATPase 2a; SORBS2: SH3 domain-containing protein 2; Sox6: sex-determining region Y box 6; THRAP1: mediator complex subunit 13; TNNI3K: troponin I type 3 interacting kinase; NRVCs: neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes; AAC: abdominal aortic constriction; TBX5: T-box 5; NRCMs: neonatal rat cardiomyocytes; SORBS2: SH3 domain-containing protein 2; PDLIM5: PDZ and LIM domain 5; NRVMs: neonatal rat ventricular myocytes; NRCFs: neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts.