Review Article
MicroRNA as a Therapeutic Target in Cardiac Remodeling
Table 1
Summary of reported miRNAs and their targets in cardiac hypertrophy.
| miRNAs | Targets | Effector cells | Signal pathways | References |
| Antihypertrophic | miR-1 | Eif4e | C57Bl/6 mouse and NMCMs | Translation | [7–12] | Cdk6 | NRVCs and ACC mouse | CDKs-Rb pathway | HDAC6 | NRCMs and Wistar rats | Chromatin modifying | CAM | TG mouse and NRVMs | Calcium signaling | Mef2a | TG mouse and NRVMs | Calcium signaling | Gata4 | TG mouse and NRVMs | Calcium signaling | FABP3 | NMCMs and TAC mouse | PPAR | Fbln2 | NMCMs | ECM |
| miR-10a | Tbx5 | TAC mouse and NRVMs | transcription | [15] |
| miR-497 | Sirt4 | TAC mouse and NRVMs | AMPK | [16] |
| miR-133 | AT1R | Male Wistar rats and NRCMs | ERK-MAPK | [13, 14] | Cdc42, | NMCMs and TAC mouse | MAPK | Rho-A, | NMCMs and TAC mouse | cGMP-PKG | Nelf-A/WHSC2 | NMCMs and TAC mouse | Transcription |
| miR-223 | TNNI3K | NRCMs and TAC mouse | Calcium signaling | [17] |
| miR-455 | CRT | TAC mouse | Calcium signaling | [18] |
| miR-378 | Mapk1 | NRCMs and TAC mouse | MAPK | [19, 20] | IGF1r | NRCMs and TAC mouse | MAPK | Grb2 | NRCMs and TAC mouse | MAPK | Ksr1 | NRCMs and TAC mouse | MAPK |
| miR-145 | GATA6 | NRCMs and TAC mouse | cGMP-PKG | [21, 22] |
| miR-29a-3p | NFATc4 | H9c2 cell | cGMP-PKG | [26] |
| Prohypertrophic | miR-21-3p | SORBS2 | NRVMs and NRCFs | Transcription | | PDZ | NRVMs and NRCFs | Transcription | [32] | PDLIM5 | NRVMs and NRCFs | Transcription | |
| miR-208 | AT1R | Male wistar rats and NRCMs | ERK-MAPK | [27, 28, 44] | THRAP1 | TG mouse | Thyroid hormone | Myh7 | Adult male Dahl salt-sensitive rats | |
| miR-124 | Grp78 | NRCMs | Reticulum (ER) stress signaling | [29] | CRT | NRCMs | Calcium signaling |
| miR-297 | Sig-1R | TAC rat and NRVMs | ER stress signaling | [30] |
| miR-17-3p | TIMP3 | NRVMs and C57BL/6 mice | PTEN-AKT pathway | [31] |
| miR-155 | Mef2A | TAC rat and KO mice | Calcineurin pathway | | Jarid2 | TAC rat and KO mice | Calcineurin pathway | [23, 33] | AGTR1 | Rat H9C2 cell | Calcium signaling pathways |
| miR-212/132 | Foxo3 | H9c2 cells and TAC mouse | PI3K-Akt | [24] |
| miR-22 | Hdac4 | NRVCs, miR-22 KO mouse | AMPK | | Pten | NRVCs | PI3K-AKT | [25, 34, 35] | Sirt1 | NRVCs, miR-22 KO mouse | AMPK | |
| miR-23a | Foxo3a, | NMCMs, TAC and TG mouse | PI3K-AKT | [25, 36] | LPA1 | NMCMs | PI3K-AKT |
| miR-195 | HMGA1 | NRVCs | | [37, 38] |
| miR-19a/b | atrogin1, | NRVCs and TAC mouse | calcineurin/NFAT | [39] | Murf1 | NRVCs and TAC mouse | PKC |
| miR-27b | Pparγ | NRVCs, TAC and TG mouse | PPAR | [40] |
| miR-328 | Serca2a | NRVCs, TAC and TG mouse | cGMP-PKG | [41] |
| miR-185 | Camk2d | NRVMs and TAC mouse | Calcium | [42] |
| miR-101 | Ncx1 | NRVMs and TAC mouse | cGMP-PKG | [43] | Nfatc3 | NRVMs and TAC mouse | cGMP-PKG | Rab1A | TAC rat | MAPKK |
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LPA1: lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1; Mapk1: mitogen-activated protein kinase 1; Murf1: tripartite motif-containing 63; NCX1: sodium/calcium exchanger 1; Nfatc3: nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic, calcineurin dependent 3; NFATc4: nuclear factor of activated T cells 4; PDLIM5: PDZ and LIM domain 5; Pparγ: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ; p300: E1A binding protein p300; Rab1A: Ras-related protein Rab 1a; RasGAP: Ras GTPase–activating protein; Rheb: Ras homolog enriched in brain; Rho-A: Ras homolog family member A; Serca2a: Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase 2a; SORBS2: SH3 domain-containing protein 2; Sox6: sex-determining region Y box 6; THRAP1: mediator complex subunit 13; TNNI3K: troponin I type 3 interacting kinase; NRVCs: neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes; AAC: abdominal aortic constriction; TBX5: T-box 5; NRCMs: neonatal rat cardiomyocytes; SORBS2: SH3 domain-containing protein 2; PDLIM5: PDZ and LIM domain 5; NRVMs: neonatal rat ventricular myocytes; NRCFs: neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts.
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