Review Article
Relationship between Smoking and Acute Mountain Sickness: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies
Table 3
Subgroup analyses of RRs for the association between AMS and smoking.
| Group | Number of studies | Pooled RR (95% CI) | Heterogeneity | | |
| Overall | 11 | 1.02 (0.83, 1.26) | 73.0% | <0.001 | Study design | | | | | Cross-sectional studies and case-control study | 8 | 1.20 (0.99, 1.47) | 32.0% | 0.169 | Cohort studies | 3 | 0.79 (0.54, 1.17) | 89.0% | <0.001 | Altitude | | | | | <3500 MASL | 2 | 1.24 (0.78, 1.95) | 25.0% | 0.922 | ≥3500 MASL | 9 | 1.00 (0.79, 1.26) | 78.0% | <0.001 | Quality assessment | | | | | NOS/aNOS = 5 | 7 | 1.17 (0.97, 1.41) | 23.0% | 0.253 | NOS/aNOS = 6-7 | 4 | 0.92 (0.62, 1.36) | 87.0% | <0.001 | Type of participant | | | | | Mountaineer | 7 | 1.17 (0.97, 1.41) | 23.0% | 0.253 | Nonmountaineer | 4 | 0.92 (0.62, 1.36) | 87.0% | <0.001 |
|
|
AMS: acute mountain sickness; CI: confidence interval; MASL: meters above sea level; NOS: Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale; aNOS: adapted Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale; RR: relative risks. Relative risks were obtained using the DerSimonian and Laird random-effect model.
|