A Comparative Study of Oral Microbiota in Infants with Complete Cleft Lip and Palate or Cleft Soft Palate
Table 3
Statistical comparison of microorganism frequency (prevalence), colonisation, and growth intensity between CLP group and CSP group at T2.
Microorganism
CLP group ()
p
CSP group ()
(%)
Colonisation (%)
GI
(%)
Colonisation (%)
GI
A1
A2
B1
B2
Streptococcus mitis
100
60
100
3
0.002
56
64
100
3
Streptococcus oralis
10
100
100
3
0.103
—
—
—
—
Streptococcus pneumoniae
13.3
100
100
3
0.777
16.0
100
100
3
Streptococcus sanguinis
50
100
46.6
3
0.458
40.0
100
60
3
Streptococcus salivarius
100
50
100
3
0.022
84.0
47.6
100
3
Streptococcus vestibularis
10.0
66.6
100
3
0.103
—
—
—
—
Streptococcus bovis biovar I
13.3
50
50
3
0.174
28.0
100
85,7
3
Streptococcus acidominimus
13,3
50
100
3
0.174
28.0
100
0.0
3
Streptococcus agalactiae
6.6
100
100
3
0.264
16.0
100
50
3
Streptococcus pyogenes
13.3
100
100
3
0.058
—
—
—
—
Streptococcus uberis
6.6
100
100
3
0.487
12.0
100
100
3
Streptococcus anginosus
13.3
50
100
2
0.058
—
—
—
—
Streptococcus intermedius
26.6
100
100
3
0.343
16.0
100
85.7
3
Lactobacillus spp.
13.3
75
100
3
0.058
—
—
—
—
Gemella haemolysans
26.6
62.5
100
2
0.177
12.0
100
100
3
Enterococcus spp.
13.3
75.0
100
3
0.885
12.0
100
66.6
3
Staphylococcus aureus MSSA
93.3
71.4
64.2
3
<0.001
20.0
80
100
3
Staphylococcus epidermidis
83.3
92.0
100
2
<0.001
28.0
71.4
57.1
3
Staphylococcus hominis
13.3
100
100
1
0.058
—
—
—
—
Lactococcus lactis
13.3
100
0.0
3
0.058
—
—
—
—
Neisseria spp.
53.3
56.2
93.7
3
0.695
48.0
83.3
66.6
3
Enterobacter cloacae
36.6
90.9
100
2
0.007
—
—
—
—
Enterobacter kobei
26.6
100
100
3
0.053
—
—
—
—
Enterobacter aerogenes
13.3
50
75
2
0.058
—
—
—
—
Hafnia alvei
3.3
100
100
2
0.359
—
—
—
—
Klebsiella pneumoniae
53.3
87.5
100
3
<0.001
—
—
—
—
Klebsiella oxytoca
76.6
43.4
56.5
3
<0.001
—
—
—
—
Escherichia coli
36.6
100
100
2
0.311
24.0
100
83.3
2
Candida albicans
6.6
100
100
2
0.190
—
—
—
—
, frequency, that is, percentage (%) of subjects from CLP group or CSP group with a given microorganism; colonisation, percentage (%) of smears of a given bacterial species from the palate and/or from the tongue; A1, smears were obtained from palatal mucosa on the cleft margin in CLP subjects; A2, smears were obtained from the dorsum of the tongue in CLP subjects; B1, smears were obtained from the palatal mucosa in CSP subjects; B2, smears were obtained from the dorsum of the tongue in CSP subjects; GI, growth intensity; -square test; results printed in boldface have reached statistical significance (p < 0.05).
