A Comparative Study of Oral Microbiota in Infants with Complete Cleft Lip and Palate or Cleft Soft Palate
Table 5
Development of the oral microbiota between T1 and T2 in CSP subjects.
Microorganism
†+→+
‡+→−
§−→+
#−→−
p
OR
95% CI
(%)
(%)
(%)
(%)
Streptococcus mitis
13 (52)
2 (8)
1 (4)
9 (36)
1.00
NA
NA
Streptococcus oralis
0
1 (4)
0
24 (96)
1.00
NA
NA
Streptococcus pneumoniae
1 (4)
0
3 (12)
21 (84)
0.248
NA
NA
Streptococcus sanguinis
4 (16)
3 (12)
6 (24)
12 (48)
0.507
2
0.50–7.99
Streptococcus salivarius
10 (40)
2 (8)
11 (44)
2 (8)
0.022
5.5
1.21–24.81
Streptococcus vestibularis
0
2 (8)
0
23 (92)
0.479
NA
NA
Streptococcus bovis biovar I
1 (4)
3 (12)
6 (24)
15 (60)
0.507
2
0.50–7.99
Streptococcus acidominimus
1 (4)
2 (8)
6 (24)
16 (64)
0.289
3
0.60–14.86
Streptococcus agalactiae
0
0
4 (16)
21 (84)
0.133
NA
NA
Streptococcus pyogenes
0
0
0
0
1.00
NA
NA
Streptococcus dysgalactiae
0
2 (8)
0
23 (92)
0.479
NA
NA
Streptococcus uberis
0
1 (4)
3 (12)
21 (84)
0.617
3
0.31–28.84
Streptococcus anginosus
0
0
0
0
1.00
NA
NA
Streptococcus intermedius
2 (8)
2 (8)
2 (8)
19 (76)
0.617
1
0.14–7.09
Streptococcus constellatus
0
0
0
0
1.00
NA
NA
Lactobacillus spp.
0
4 (16)
3 (12)
18 (72)
0.723
1.333
0.29–5.95
Gemella haemolysans
3 (12)
1 (4)
0
21 (84)
1.00
NA
NA
Gemella morbillorum
0
4 (16)
0
21 (84)
0.125
NA
NA
Enterococcus spp.
0
1 (4)
3 (12)
21 (84)
0.627
3
0.31–28.84
Staphylococcus aureus MSSA
1 (4)
2 (8)
4 (16)
18 (72)
0.687
2
0.36–10.91
Staphylococcus xylosus
0
1 (4)
0
24 (96)
1.00
NA
NA
Staphylococcus epidermidis
5 (20)
4 (16)
2 (8)
14 (56)
0.687
2
0.36–10.91
Staphylococcus hominis
0
0
0
0
1.00
NA
NA
Staphylococcus haemolyticus
0
2 (8)
0
23 (92)
0.479
NA
NA
Staphylococcus lugdunensis
0
3 (12)
0
22 (88)
0.248
NA
NA
Lactococcus lactis
0
1 (4)
2 (8)
22 (88)
1.00
2
0.18–22.05
Neisseria spp.
9 (36)
0
3 (12)
13 (52)
0.248
NA
NA
Moraxella spp.
0
1 (4)
0
24 (96)
1.00
NA
NA
Acinetobacter lwoffii
0
0
0
0
1.00
NA
NA
Acinetobacter baumannii
0
0
0
0
1.00
NA
NA
Enterobacter cloacae
0
3 (12)
0
22 (88)
0.248
NA
NA
Enterobacter kobei
0
0
0
0
1.00
NA
NA
Enterobacter aerogenes
0
2 (8)
0
23 (88)
0.479
NA
NA
Enterobacter asburiae
0
0
0
0
1.00
NA
NA
Hafnia alvei
0
1 (4)
0
24 (96)
1.00
NA
NA
Serratia liquefaciens
0
0
0
0
1.00
NA
NA
Serratia fonticola
0
0
0
0
1.00
NA
NA
Klebsiella pneumoniae
0
12 (48)
0
13 (52)
1.00
NA
NA
Klebsiella oxytoca
0
6 (24)
0
19
0.312
NA
NA
Citrobacter spp.
0
1 (4)
0
24 (96)
1.00
NA
NA
Escherichia coli
1 (4)
2 (8)
5 (20)
17 (68)
0.453
2.5
0.48–12.88
Candida albicans
0
1 (4)
0
24 (96)
1.00
NA
NA
†Number () and percentage (%) of patients with the bacterial species present at both T1 and T2. ‡Number () and percentage (%) of patients with the bacterial species present at T1 but not at T2. §Number () and percentage (%) of patients without the bacterial species present at T1 but with it at T2. #Number () and percentage (%) of patients without the bacterial species present at T1 or T2. Test; OR, odds ratio; 95% CI, confidence interval of 95%; NA, not applicable. Results in boldface have reached statistical significance (p < 0.05).
