|
| Drug class | Trial | Patients number | Mean age (years) | Patients age ≥ 65 | Patients age > 70 | Primary endpoint RRR (%) | Age interaction |
|
| ACE inhibitors | SAVE [22]
(captopril versus placebo) | 2231 | 59 | 35% | 15% | 19% all-cause mortality | No
(<55 versus 55–64 versus >65) |
SOLVD [21]
(enalapril versus placebo) | 2569 | 61 | — | — | 16% all-cause mortality | — |
ATLAS [20]
(lisinopril low versus high dose) | 3164 | 64 | — | — | NS all-cause mortality | No
(<70 versus ≥70) |
AIRE [19]
(ramipril versus placebo) | 2006 | 65 | — | — | 27% all-cause mortality | No
(<65 versus ≥65) |
TRACE [18]
(trandolapril versus placebo) | 1749 | 67.5 | 33% | — | 22% all-cause mortality | No
(<65 versus ≥65) |
|
| Angiotensin receptor antagonists | CHARM-Overall [23]
(candesartan versus placebo) | 7599 | 66 | 34% | 23% | (i) NS all-cause mortality
(ii) 18% CV deaths or HF hospitalization | No
(<65 versus >75–65 versus ≥75) |
CHARM-Alternative [23]
(candesartan versus placebo) | 2028 | 66 | — | — | 23% CV deaths or HF hospitalization | — |
ELITE II [25]
(losartan versus captopril) | 3152 | 71 | 100% | — | NS all-cause mortality | No
(<70 versus ≥70) |
HEAAL [26]
(losartan low versus high dose) | 3846 | 66 | 26% | — | NS all-cause mortality | No
(<65 versus ≥65) |
Val-HeFT [24]
(valsartan versus placebo) | 5010 | 63 | 47% | — | (i) NS all-cause mortality
(ii) 13% all-cause mortality and morbidity | No
(<65 versus ≥65) |
|
| B-blockers | CIBIS-II [10]
(bisoprolol versus placebo) | 2647 | 61 | — | — | 34% all-cause mortality | — |
COPERNICUS [11]
(carvedilol versus placebo) | 2289 | 63 | — | — | (i) 35% all-cause mortality
(ii) 24% all-cause mortality or all-cause hospitalization | No
(<65 versus ≥65) |
COMET [12]
(carvedilol versus metoprolol tartrate) | 3029 | 62 | 45% | — | (i) 17% all-cause mortality (for carvedilol)
(ii) NS for all-cause mortality or all-cause hospitalization | No
(<65 versus ≥65) |
MERIT HF [13]
(metoprolol succinate versus placebo) | 3991 | 64 | — | 32% | 34% all-cause mortality | No
(upper tertile versus ≥ low + middle tertile) |
SENIORS [14]
(nebivolol versus placebo) | 2128 | 76 | 100% | 100% | 14% all-cause mortality or CV hospitalization | No
(<75.2 versus ≥75.2) |
|
| Aldosterone antagonists | RALES [29]
(spironolactone versus placebo) | 1663 | 65 | — | — | 30% all-cause mortality | No
(<67 versus ≥67) |
EPHESUS [30]
(eplerenone versus placebo) | 6632 | 64 | — | — | (i) 13% CV deaths or CV hospitalization
(ii) 15% all-cause mortality | No
(<65 versus ≥65) |
EMPHASIS-HF [31]
(eplerenone versus placebo) | 2737 | 69 | — | — | 37% CV deaths or HF hospitalization | No
(<65 versus ≥65 and
<75 versus ≥75) |
|
| Sacubitril-valsartan | PARADIGM-HF [27]
(sacubitril-valsartan versus enalapril) | 8399 | 64 | 50.1% | — | 20% CV deaths or HF hospitalization | No
(<65 versus ≥65) |
|
| Ivabradine | SHIFT [30] | 6505 | 60 | 30.5% | | 18% CV deaths or HF hospitalization | No
(<65 versus ≥65) |
|
| Cardiac glycosides | DIG [35]
(digoxin versus placebo) | 6800 | 63 | — | 30% | NS all-cause mortality | — |
|
| SGLT2 inhibitors | EMPAREG [36]
(empagliflozin versus placebo) | 7020 | 63 | 44.5% | | 14% CV deaths, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke | Yes
(<65 versus ≥65) |
|
