Current Therapeutic Options for Heart Failure in Elderly Patients

Table 2

Major randomized clinical trials on HF device therapy and elderly population.

	Trial	Patients number	Mean age (years)	Patients age ≥ 65	Patients age > 70	Primary endpoint RRR (%)	Age interaction
ICD	MUSTT [22]	704	67			55% all-cause mortality; 74% arrhythmic mortality
	MADIT II [21]	1232	64	—	35%	31% all-cause mortality	No; (<60 versus 60–69 versus ≥70)
	DEFINITE [20]	458	58	34%	—	35% all-cause mortality; 80% arrhythmic mortality	No; (<65 versus ≥65)
	DINAMIT [19]	674	61		—	NS all-cause mortality; 68% arrhythmic mortality	No; (<60 versus ≥60)
	SCD-HeFT [19]	2521	60	23%	—	35% all-cause mortality	No; (<65 versus ≥65)
	DANISH [36]	556	64			13% all-cause mortality; (not significant)	Yes; (≤59 versus 60–67 versus ≥68)
CRT	COMPANION [23]	1520	67	56%		(i) 20% all-cause mortality or HF hospitalization	No; (<65 versus ≥65)
	CARE-HF [23]	813	66			(i) 37% all-cause mortality or HF hospitalization; (ii) 36% all-cause mortality	No; (<66.4 versus ≥66.4)
	RAFT [26]	1798	66	57%	—	(i) 25% all-cause mortality or HF hospitalization; (ii) 25% all-cause mortality	No; (<65 versus ≥65)
	MADIT-CRT [23]; LBBB subgroup	1817	64	53%		(i) 53% all-cause mortality or HF hospitalization	No; (<65 versus ≥65)

CRT: cardiac resynchronization therapy; HF: heart failure; ICD: implantable cardioverter-defibrillator; NS, nonsignificant; RRR: relative risk reduction.