Clinical Applications of Immunotherapy Combination Methods and New Opportunities for the Future

Table 1

Selected Immunotherapeutics, mechanism of action, and major clinical therapeutic combinations.

	Mechanism	Potential combination strategy
		Co-in.	Co-st.	targt.	CT	RT
Ipilimumab	anti CTLA-4	+	+	+	+	+
Tremelimumab	anti CTLA-4	+	+	+	+	+
Nivolumab	anti PD-1	+		+	+
Pembrolizumab	anti PD-1	+		+	+	+
Atezolizumab	anti PD-L1	+		+
Avelumab	anti PD-L1	+		+
Durvalumab	anti PD-L1	+		+

Co-in.: coinhibitory, Cost.: costimulatory, targt.: targeted, CT: chemotherapy, and RT: radiotherapy.