What Each Clinical Anatomist Has to Know about Left Renal Vein Entrapment Syndrome (Nutcracker Syndrome): A Review of the Most Important Findings

<div>Schematic arrangements of the main types of nutcracker syndrome. (a) Anterior type, (b) posterior type (retroaortic left renal vein), and (c) posterior type (circumaortic left renal vein). Ao: abdominal aorta, IVC: inferior vena cava, aLRV: anterior left renal vein, pLRV: posterior left renal vein, and SMA: superior mesenteric artery.</div>

BioMed Research International

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Figure 1

Figure 1: What Each Clinical Anatomist Has to Know about Left Renal Vein Entrapment Syndrome (Nutcracker Syndrome): A Review of the Most Important Findings 

Figure 1 | What Each Clinical Anatomist Has to Know about Left Renal Vein Entrapment Syndrome (Nutcracker Syndrome): A Review of the Most Important Findings 