Risk of Contamination of Gametes and Embryos during Cryopreservation and Measures to Prevent Cross-Contamination

Figure 3

Illustration showing the closed vitrification and warming system and its low risk for germplasm samples. (a) Cryopreservation straw with the vitrified embryo. (b) The straw is covered and sealed prior to contact with LN₂. (c) Embryo vitrification in the closed system. (d) Straw stored in LN₂ container. (e) Straw cover is removed prior to warming, avoiding contact of the germplasm sample with the microorganisms. (f) Contaminant-free germplasm.