Real-Time Ultrasound/MRI Fusion for Suprasacral Parallel Shift Approach to Lumbosacral Plexus Blockade and Analysis of Injectate Spread: An Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial
Table 2
Procedure-related outcomes for ultrasound/MRI fusion guided versus ultrasound guided lumbosacral plexus blockade with the Suprasacral Parallel Shift technique. Values are displayed as median (IQR [range]), number (proportion), or mean (SD).
US
Preparation time; s
686 (552–1023 [393–2501])
196 (167–228 [105–351])
<0.001
Block procedure time; s
333 (254–439 [201–1421])
216 (176–294 [117–458])
0.001
Number of needle insertions
4.5 (3.0–7.0 [2.0–24.0])
5.0 (3.0–7.0 [2.0–15.0])
0.87
Needle insertion point from midline; cm
4.0 (4.0–5.0 [2.0–6.0])
6.0 (5.0–6.0 [4.0–8.0])
<0.001
Needle depth; cm
8.0 (7.0–9.0 [5.0–10.0])
8.0 (7.0–8.5 [4.0–10.0])
0.37
Minimal nerve stimulation; mA
0.50 (0.50–0.50 [0.20–0.60])
0.50 (0.40–0.50 [0.30–0.50])
0.075
Electrical nerve stimulation response
0.37
1 Quadriceps femoris
4 (15%)
4 (15%)
1.00
2 Adductor
0 (0%)
1 (4%)
1.00
3 Other motor
0 (0%)
0 (0%)
1.00
4 Paresthesia
2 (8%)
0 (0%)
0.50
0 None
20 (77%)
21 (81%)
1.00
Procedural discomfort; NRS 0–
2 (1–3 [0–7])
3 (2–4 [0–5])
0.036
ΔMAP; mmHg§
0.23 (12.77)
−4.50 (10.44)
0.070
: ultrasound. : magnetic resonance imaging. : numeric rating scale. : change in mean arterial pressure from baseline to 5 min after completed injection of local anesthetic.
