Exploration of the Association between Nurses’ Moral Distress and Secondary Traumatic Stress Syndrome: Implications for Patient Safety in Mental Health Services

Table 5

Association of secondary traumatic syndrome symptoms with moral distress before (model 1) and after adjusting for work-related satisfaction covariates (model 2) and mental distress level (model 3).

	Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale score
	Univariable model; (model 1)				After adjusting for satisfaction and emotional exhaustion covariates (model 2)				Also, adjusting for GHQ-28 score (model 3)
	B	St. error	St. beta	value	b	St. error	St. beta	value	b	St. error	St. beta	value
Moral distress composite score	0.056	0.011	0.345	<0.001	0.044	0.011	0.269	<0.001	0.025	0.009	0.154	0.005
Job satisfaction level					0.049	0.393	0.010	0,90	−0.023	0.326	−0.005	0.94
Satisfaction from therapeutic relations					−0.761	0.421	−0.135	0.07	−0.383	0.352	−0.068	0.28
Emotional exhaustion level					1.021	0.262	0.268	<0.001	0.386	0.227	0.101	0.09
GHQ-28 score									0.565	0.059	0.551	<0.001
	, , adjusted				, , adjusted				, , adjusted