Research Article

Cephalometric Soft Tissue Characteristics of Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Patients in Relation to Missing Teeth

Table 1

Soft tissue measurements used in the study.

Variable measuredDefinitionDefinition using landmarks

Anteroposterior measurements
(1)Upper lip to S-line (mm)Position of the upper lip to a line passing through a midpoint between the pronasale and subnasale and soft tissue PogLs to S-line
(2)Lower lip to S-line (mm)Position of the lower lip to a line passing through a midpoint between the pronasale and subnasale and soft tissue PogLi to S-line
(3)Upper lip to Sn V (mm)Position of the upper lip to a line parallel to a true vertical line passing through the subnasaleLs to SnV line
(4)Lower lip to Sn V (mm)Position of the lower lip to a line parallel to a true vertical line passing through the subnasaleLi to SnV line
(5)Chin to Sn V (mm)Soft tissue Pog′ to a line parallel to true a vertical line passing through the subnasalePog′ to SnV line
(6)Facial convexity angle°Convexity of the face (without the nose)N′ B′ A′
(7)Angle of facial convexity°Convexity of the face (with the nose)Pn A′ Pog′
(8)Mentolabial sulcus (mm)The distance from the lower chin lower lip line to the maximum depth of the mentolabial sulcusLi Pog′ line to the sulcus
(9)Chin thickness (mm)The distance between the soft tissue and hard tissue PogPog-Pog′ distance
(10)Nasofacial angle°The angle between the glabella-soft tissue nasion and tangent to midnoseG-Pog′ line and midnose tangent
(11)NLA°Nasolabial anglePn-Sn-Ls
(12)Nasomental angle°Soft tissue nasion, the tip of the nose, soft tissue chinN′ Pn Pog′
(13)Nasal projection°Angle formed by the soft tissue nasion, tip of the nose, and subnasaleN′ Pn Sn
(14)Nasal length (mm)Distance from the tip of the nose to the subnasalePn-Sn distance
(15)Nasofrontal angle°The angle between the glabella-soft tissue nasion line and tangent of the midnoseG-N′-midnose tangent

Vertical measurements
(16)Interlabial gap (mm)Distance between the upper and lower lipsSts- Sti distance
(17)Upper lip length (mm)Vertical distance of the upper lipSn-Sts distance
(18)Lower lip length (mm)Vertical distance of the lower lipSti Me′ distance