Research Article
Secular Changes of Adiposity in Czech Children Aged from 3 to 6 Years: Latent Obesity in Preschool Age
Table 1
Comparison of monitored parameters in current Czech preschool children aged 3–6 years with survey 1990, girls.
| Age (years) | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | Sample | SA () | SB () | values | SA () | SB () | values | SA () | SB () | values | SA () | SB () | values | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) |
| Height (cm) | 101.0 (4.71) | 100.0 (4.53) | 0.123 | 108.2 (5.38) | 107.4 (4.89) | 0.134 | 114.5 (5.85) | 113.7 (4.96) | 0.110 | 118.7 (6.37) | 119.9 (5.44) | 0.095 | Weight (kg) | 15.5 (1.98) | 15.7 (2.10) | 0.539 | 17.5 (2.01) | 17.8 (2.38) | 0.216 | 20.6 (2.94) | 20.2 (3.15) | 0.176 | 21.4 (3.00) | 22.3 (3.41) | 0.028 | BMI (kg/m2) | 15.1 (1.10) | 15.6 (1.40) | 0.019 | 15.1 (1.51) | 15.4 (1.50) | 0.060 | 15.7 (1.72) | 15.3 (1.50) | 0.008 | 15.0 (1.12) | 15.6 (1.80) | 0.003 | Body fat (%) | 29.4 (3.61) | 20.9 (5.35) | <0.001 | 23.6 (8.68) | 19.8 (5.53) | <0.001 | 25.9 (9.81) | 18.8 (6.43) | <0.001 | 24.9 (4.28) | 18.2 (5.56) | <0.001 | Sum of 10 skinfolds (mm) | 84.8 (12.95) | 65.2 (18.57) | <0.001 | 70.2 (28.33) | 63.0 (19.42) | 0.002 | 81.4 (32.75) | 62.3 (26.01) | <0.001 | 78.8 (14.90) | 59.6 (23.11) | <0.001 | Subscapular skinfold (mm | 6.2 (1.73) | 5.0 (2.05) | <0.001 | 6.6 (3.29) | 4.8 (2.29) | <0.001 | 6.6 (3.16) | 4.9 (3.01) | <0.001 | 6.4 (1.89) | 4.6 (2.84) | <0.001 | Suprailiac skinfold (mm | 6.8 (1.92) | 4.2 (2.36) | <0.001 | 6.5 (2.69) | 4.4 (2.58) | <0.001 | 8.0 (4.10) | 4.6 (3.99) | <0.001 | 7.1 (1.78) | 4.4 (3.20) | <0.001 | Triceps skinfold (mm | 10.4 (2.47) | 10.6 (2.86) | 0.648 | 10.4 (4.16) | 10.1 (2.98) | 0.399 | 10.7 (5.00) | 10.2 (3.33) | 0.178 | 10.6 (2.84) | 9.9 (3.27) | 0.074 | Mid-thigh skinfold (mm | 17.5 (3.13) | 13.8 (4.10) | <0.001 | 15.4 (5.88) | 13.7 (4.45) | 0.001 | 16.8 (5.85) | 13.8 (4.97) | <0.001 | 15.3 (3.81) | 13.7 (5.10) | 0.007 | Patella skinfold (mm | 13.8 (2.87) | 9.2 (3.77) | <0.001 | 10.8 (5.25) | 8.5 (3.37) | <0.001 | 12.3 (5.55) | 8.0 (4.00) | <0.001 | 11.3 (3.14) | 7.2 (3.70) | 0.001 | Arm relax. circumf. (cm) | 16.9 (0.77) | 16.6 (1.22) | 0.100 | 17.1 (1.07) | 17.0 (1.33) | 0.456 | 17.5 (3.02) | 17.5 (1.54) | 1.000 | 17.8 (1.22) | 18.1 (1.52) | 0.093 | Thigh medial circumf. (cm) | 29.8 (1.65) | 29.2 (2.45) | 0.103 | 31.5 (2.08) | 30.7 (2.64) | 0.003 | 32.0 (5.51) | 32.4 (2.84) | 0.271 | 33.1 (2.84) | 33.9 (3.22) | 0.039 |
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SA = sample A: survey 2014–2016, = 834 (421 girls, 413 boys); SB = sample B: survey 1990, = 2,624 (1,160 girls, 1,164 boys); = measured by Harpenden caliper.
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