Research Article
Secular Changes of Adiposity in Czech Children Aged from 3 to 6 Years: Latent Obesity in Preschool Age
Table 2
Comparison of monitored parameters in current Czech preschool children aged 3–6 years with survey 1990, boys.
| Age (years) | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | Sample | SA () | SB () | values | SA () | SB () | values | SA () | SB () | values | SA () | SB () | values | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) |
| Height (cm) | 101.9 (4.46) | 101.2 (4.96) | 0.333 | 108.3 (3.90) | 107.6 (4.65) | 0.148 | 114.3 (4.75) | 114.1 (5.20) | 0.683 | 119.7 (5.06) | 120.6 (4.72) | 0.136 | Weight (kg) | 15.5 (1.96) | 16.3 (2.00) | 0.007 | 17.8 (2.00) | 18.00 (2.22) | 0.393 | 19.5 (2.96) | 20.3 (3.22) | 0.008 | 21.8 (3.04) | 22.9 (3.29) | 0.007 | BMI (kg/m2) | 14.8 (1.36) | 15.8 (1.40) | <0.001 | 15.4 (1.32) | 15.6 (1.40) | 0.181 | 14.9 (1.16) | 15.5 (1.60) | <0.001 | 14.7 (1.13) | 15.8 (1.80) | <0.001 | Body fat (%) | 23.3 (8.14) | 18.0 (4.34) | <0.001 | 23.3 (4.21) | 16.7 (4.42) | <0.001 | 20.2 (6.20) | 16.2 (5.10) | <0.001 | 22.1 (5.77) | 15.4 (5.51) | <0.001 | Sum of 10 skinfolds (mm) | 67.3 (22.80) | 57.6 (13.59) | <0.001 | 68.7 (11.70) | 53.8 (14.30) | <0.001 | 61.6 (17.75) | 53.2 (19.82) | <0.001 | 68.2 (15.58) | 52.3 (22.10) | <0.001 | Subscapular skinfold (mm | 6.0 (2.80) | 4.4 (1.48) | <0.001 | 5.1 (0.28) | 4.1 (1.67) | <0.001 | 5.0 (1.48) | 4.0 (2.18) | <0.001 | 5.5 (1.20) | 4.1 (2.30) | <0.001 | Suprailiac skinfold (mm | 5.4 (2.33) | 3.5 (1.70) | <0.001 | 5.6 (1.52) | 3.4 (1.69) | <0.001 | 5.2 (1.35) | 3.7 (2.90) | <0.001 | 6.1 (1.62) | 3.8 (3.13) | <0.001 | Triceps skinfold (mm | 8.0 (3.34) | 9.4 (2.49) | 0.001 | 9.3 (3.44) | 8.8 (2.54) | 0.100 | 8.6 (3.06) | 8.8 (3.07) | 0.500 | 8.7 (3.38) | 8.2 (3.12) | 0.210 | Mid-thigh skinfold (mm | 14.0 (5.55) | 11.7 (3.39 | <0.001 | 15.1 (3.73) | 11.4 (3.50) | <0.001 | 13.5 (5.30) | 11.5 (4.23) | <0.001 | 14.1 (5.22) | 10.8 (4.39) | <0.001 | Patella skinfold (mm | 11.4 (3.99) | 8.1 (3.09) | <0.001 | 10.9 (3.24) | 7.0 (2.79) | <0.001 | 8.9 (3.50) | 6.6 (2.68) | <0.001 | 9.3 (3.75) | 6.0 (3.01) | <0.001 | Arm relax. circumf. (cm) | 16.3 (1.11) | 16.7 (1.11) | 0.016 | 17.1 (1.40) | 17.0 (1.16) | 0.452 | 17.0 (1.24) | 17.4 (1.58) | 0.006 | 17.2 (1.18) | 18.0 (1.58) | <0.001 | Thigh medial circumf. (cm) | 28.3 (2.22) | 28.8 (2.12) | 0.117 | 29.6 (2.03) | 29.8 (2.23) | 0.397 | 30.4 (2.42) | 31.5 (2.91) | <0.001 | 31.3 (2.40) | 33.2 (2.64) | <0.001 |
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SA = sample A: survey 2014–2016, = 834 (421 girls, 413 boys); SB = sample B: survey 1990, = 2,624 (1,160 girls, 1,164 boys); = measured by Harpenden caliper.
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