Human Papillomavirus Positivity in the Anal Canal in HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Men Who Have Anal Sex with Men in Guangzhou, China: Implication for Anal Exams and Early Vaccination
Table 4
Factors associated with detection of any HPV among men who have sex with men in Guangzhou.
Risk factors
% (number of those with HPV/number of men)
Crude odds ratio (95% CI)
Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)
Age at enrollment
18–24
57.8 (37/64)
Ref
Ref
25–34
66.3 (57/86)
1.43 (0.74–2.80)
1.45 (0.64–3.29)
35
78.6 (11/14)
2.68 (0.68–10.53)
3.07 (0.63–14.99)
Education level
Middle school or less
78.1 (25/32)
Ref
Technical diploma
61.7 (29/47)
0.45 (0.16–1.26)
University or above
60.0 (51/85)
0.42 (0.16–1.08)
Number of male sex partners in p3m
0
63.6 (7/11)
Ref
Ref
1
61.0 (50/82)
0.89 (0.24–3.30)
1.51 (0.33–7.04)
2
67.2 (41/61)
1.17 (0.31–4.47)
1.17 (0.24–5.72)
Frequency of condom use with male sex partners in p3m
Always
64.0 (55/86)
Ref
Ref
Sometimes
72.4 (42/58)
1.48 (0.72–3.05)
1.15 (0.50–2.67)
Never
40.0 (8/20)
0.38 (0.14–1.02)
0.41 (0.12–1.40)
Commercial sex experience
Yes
45.5 (5/11)
0.44 (0.13–1.52)
No
65.4 (100/153)
Ref
STI detection
Yes
74.4 (62/83)
2.61
2.51
No
53.1 (43/81)
Ref
Ref
HIV status
Positive
81.0 (64/79)
4.58
4.12
Negative
48.2 (41/85)
Ref
Ref
Frequency of drinking
Seldom or never
65.3 (64/98)
Ref
Sometimes
60.0 (33/55)
0.80 (0.40–1.57)
Every day or often
72.7 (8/11)
1.42 (0.35–5.69)
Notes. . STIs include anal chlamydia, anal gonorrhea, and anal mycoplasma. .
