| | Case | Age and gender | Mechanism of injury | Type and size of foreign body | Penetrating pathway | Symptoms and concurrent conditions | DSA findings | Interval to operation | Operation | Surgical approach | Residual fraction | Antibiotics used | Symptoms at discharge |
| | 1 | 75/female | Accident | Bamboo, 7 cm | Left orbit-superior orbital fissure-anterior skull base-left temporal lobe | Headache, dizziness, brain abscess | Negative | 20 days | Yes | Orbitozygomatic approach and pterional craniotomy | No | Metronidazole, ceftazidime, vancomycin, linezolid, biapenem | Free of symptom | | 2 | 32/male | Accident | Grinding wheel, 6.5 cm | Left maxilla-infratemporal fossa-middle cranial fossa, cistern of lateral sulcus | Headache, brain abscess | Negative | 19 days | Yes | Temporozygomatic approach | No | Linezolid | Epilepsy | | 3 | 42/male | Accident | Electrodrill, 2.2 cm | Left eyebrow-anterior cranial base-left frontal lobe | Headache, cerebral contusion | Not conducted | No operation | No | — | Yes | Linezolid, biapenem | Slight headache | | 4 | 29/male | Accident | Screw, 5.4 cm | Right orbit-anterior cranial base-right frontal lobe | Headache, blurred vision, anterior skull base fracture, oculomotor nerve injury | Not conducted | 2 days | Yes | Frontotemporal approach | No | Vancomycin, linezolid | Improved vision, oculomotor nerve injury | | 5 | 40/male | Accident | Hot projective oil paint, 3.4 cm | Right orbit-anterior cranial base-right frontal lobe | Headache, blindness, right eye penetrating injury, frontal hematoma | Not conducted | 4 days | Yes | Subfrontal approach | Yes | Vancomycin, ceftriaxone | Blindness |
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