| Author and year | Age and gender | Side/size | Material | Mechanism of injury | Penetrating pathway | Symptom | Surgical approach | Infection | Outcome |
| Matsumoto et al., 1998 | 3/female | Left/3 cm | Plastic chopstick | Falling | Optic canal | Blindness | Craniotomy | NK | Blindness | Matsumoto et al., 1998 | 57/male | Right/2 cm | Wooden chopstick | Stick into chopstick | Optic canal | Blindness | Craniotomy | NK | Blindness | Hebecker, 2009 | 32/male | Left/no foreign body | Wild deer’s antler | Accident | Left orbit floor/lateral orbit | Coma | Bifrontal intradural neurosurgical approach | No | Free of symptom | Ishikawa et al., 2000 | 4/male | Left/6 cm | Wooden chopstick | Falling | Preauricular area to posterior fossa | Fever, headache | Suboccipital craniectomy | Brain abscess | Ataxia and dysmetria | Matsuyama et al., 2001 | 1/male | Right/2.5 cm | Wooden chopsticks | Falling | Superior orbital fissure | Swollen eye | Transcranial approach | Meningitis | Free of symptom | Maruya et al., 2002 | 56/female | Left/1 cm | Bamboo | Tumbling | Temporal (lateral orbit) | Drowsiness | Left frontotemporal craniotomy and orbitozygomatic osteotomy | No | Lateral gaze in the left eye | Hayashi et al., 2003 | 71/female | Right/no foreign body | Bear claws | Animal assault | Frontal sinus | Lacerated face, CSF fistulas | Frontal craniectomies to repair CSF fistulas | No | Free of symptom | Nishio et al., 2004 | 6/female | Right/2.5 cm | Wooden chopstick | Falling | Frontal (orbital roof) | Fever, headache, neck stiffness | Craniotomy | Brain abscess | Free of symptom | Kim et al., 2005 | 1/male | Right/2 cm | Metallic chopstick | Falling | Frontal (orbital roof) | Crying | Craniotomy | No | Free of symptom | Tsao et al., 2006 | 45/male | Left/2.5 cm 2.5 cm | Plastic chair glide | Be assaulted | Sinonasal cavity, anterior skull base | Ptosis, impaired vision | Transnasal endoscopic exploration and removal of the foreign body | No | Anosmia and diplopia | De Tommasi et al., 2006 | 20/male | Right/10 cm | Screwdriver | Falling | Right maxilla | Scotoma in the left eye, CSF leakage | Left pterional approach | NK | Restored vision | Park, 2006 | 9/female | Right/NK | Wooden chopstick | Falling | Frontal (orbital roof) | Swollen eye | Craniotomy | No | Free of symptom | Park, 2006 | 1/male | Left/NK | Metallic chopstick | Falling | Frontal (orbital roof) | Swelling, left hemiparesis | NK | No | Left mild hemiparesis | Park, 2006 | 5/male | Left/NK | Metallic chopstick | Falling | Frontal (orbital roof) | Swollen eye | NK | No | Free of symptom | Park, 2006 | 2/male | Left/NK | Metallic chopstick | Falling | Frontal (orbital roof) | Swollen eye | NK | No | Free of symptom | Nitsch et al., 2007 | 22/male | Right/2 cm | Nail-gun | Accident | Right upper jaw to temporal lobe | Intracerebral haematoma | Simple extraction of the nail without a craniotomy | NK | NK | Hiraishi, 2007 | 5/female | Left/3.5 cm | Plastic chopstick | Falling | Frontal (orbital medial) | Fever, headache, neck stiffness | Craniotomy | Meningitis, brain abscess | Hyposmia | Kawada, 2009 | 5/female | Left/3 cm | Wooden chopstick | Falling | Frontal (orbital roof) | Swollen eye | Craniotomy | Brain abscess | Free of symptom | Mitilian, 2009 | 4/male | Right/11 cm | Wooden chopstick | Falling | Superior orbital fissure | Mild confusion, vomiting | Craniotomy | Brain abscess | Mild dysmetria of the arm | Wieland et al., 2010 | 58/male | Left-sided/NK | Wooden stick | Accident | Maxillofacial to ethmoid roof | Fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, mental status changes | Endoscopic repair of the skull base defect | Intracranial infection | NK | Hettige et al., 2010 | 38/female | Left/NK | Plastic chopstick | Stumble | Posterior wall of the oropharynx to jugular foramen into the posterior fossa | Nystagmus, left 9th, 10th, and 12th cranial nerves palsy, quadrantanopia | Left occipital craniotomy, retrosigmoid craniectomy | No | Left 9th, 10th, and 12th cranial nerves palsy | Sweeney et al., 2011 | 31/male | Right/NK | Knife | Suicidal attempt | Lower jaw to anterior skull base | Pain | Combined right pterional and interhemispheric craniotomies | No | NK | Sweeney et al., 2011 | 21/female | Right/NK | Knife | Homicidal attempt | Left orbit to middle skull base | Emesis, seizure | Left cranioorbitozygomatic approach | No | NK | Yonezawa, 2011 | 28/male | Left/NK | Plastic chopstick | Falling | Frontal (orbital medial) | NK | Craniotomy | No | Free of symptom | Arslan et al., 2012 | 13/male | Right/18 cm | Iron bar | Falling | Right orbit and superior orbital fissure | Coma (GCS3) | Right frontoparietal craniotomy | No | Died | Shin et al., 2012 | 38/male | Left/14 cm | Plastic chopstick | Falling | Superior orbital fissure | Blindness, swelling, numbness around eye | Removal of chopstick without craniotomy | No | Blindness | Katayama et al., 2013 | 18/male | Right/12 cm | Metal rod | Falling | Frontal (subzygomatic bone) | Vomiting | NK | NK | No neurological deficit | Wang et al., 2013 | 35/male | Left/18 cm | Steel | Falling | Left maxillary sinus | Limited movement of neck | Craniotomy | No | Left facial palsy | Skoch et al., 2013 | 35/female | Medial/NK | Electric toothbrush | Accident | Temporal (lateral orbit) | Blurred vision, pain | Modified frontotemporal orbitozygomatic craniotomy | No | Improved pain and vision | Deveer et al., 2013 | 43/male | Right/5.6 cm | Plastic pen | Falling | Right orbit | No | NK | No | Free of symptom | Yamasaki et al., 2013 | 4/female | Left/6.5 cm | plastic chopstick | Falling | Frontal (orbital roof) | Swelling | NK | Meningitis, encephalitis | Free of symptom | Williams et al., 2014 | 56/male | Left/NK | Speargun | Suicidal attempt | Submandibular region, oral cavity | Coma | Large craniotomy | Cerebritis | Died |
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